Properties of Fluids

Liley, P. E.; Traganza, Eugene D.; Tucker, Stevens P.; Gordon, Sanford; Beerbower, A.; Schmidt, John E.; Momenthy, A. M.; Fuhs, Allen E.; Olien, N.A.; Schetz, Joseph A.; Fuhs, S. E.

doi:10.1002/9780470172636.ch2

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The increasing pressure associated with depth will cause microplastics to compress; the depth at which this occurs and the amount of compression will depend on the specific Young modulus. It is likely that certain microplastic polymers will compress to a greater degree than the surrounding seawater (2.21 GPa at atmospheric pressure at 20 °C) (Liley et al, 2007). This will result in the microplastics increasing in density relative to the surrounding seawater, and in this way facilitate their sinking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistent microplastic ingestion by deep-sea invertebrates over the last four decades (1976–2015), a study from the North East Atlantic

Courtene‐Jones¹,

Quinn²,

Ewins³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Although evidence suggests the ubiquity of microplastics in the marine environment, our knowledge of its occurrence within remote habitats, such as the deep sea, is scarce. Furthermore, long term investigations of microplastic abundances are even more limited. Here we present a long-term study of the ingestion of microplastics by two deep-sea benthic invertebrates (Ophiomusium lymani and Hymenaster pellucidus) sampled over four decades. Specimens were collected between the years 1976–2015 from a repeat monitoring site >2000 m deep in the Rockall Trough, North East Atlantic. Microplastics were identified at a relatively consistent level throughout and therefore may have been present at this locality prior to 1976. Considering the mass production of plastics began in the 1940s - 50s our data suggest the relatively rapid occurrence of microplastics within the deep sea. Of the individuals examined (n = 153), 45% had ingested microplastics, of which fibres were most prevalent (95%). A total of eight different polymer types were isolated; polyamide and polyester were found in the highest concentrations and in the majority of years, while low-density polystyrene was only identified in 2015. This study provides an assessment of the historic occurrence of microplastics on the deep seafloor and presents a detailed quantification and characterisation of microplastics ingested by benthic species. Furthermore these data advance our knowledge on the long-term fate of microplastic in marine systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistent microplastic ingestion by deep-sea invertebrates over the last four decades (1976–2015), a study from the North East Atlantic

Courtene‐Jones¹,

Quinn²,

Ewins³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of ultradisperse molybdenum disulfide

Иванов¹,

Leonov²,

Gavrilyuk³

et al. 1994

Combust Explos Shock Waves

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Determination of Fracturing Mechanisms in Ice using Pulsed Power

Zirnheld

Olabisi

Onyenucheya

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE 34th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS)

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The destruction of solid materials by electrical means has only recently come under the scrutiny of research. Ice serves as an especially attractive test medium due to its accessibility, its service as a model solid, and its applicability in real-world problems such as ice-breaking ships or even the extraction of water from possible ice sheets on non-Earth environments. The experiments described herein utilize exploding wires and surrogate exploding wires in direct contact with conventional ice cubes in order to determine the influence of fusing waveshape and method of contact on the fracturing of ice. The surrogate exploding wire used consist of a layer of polypropylene with -100 A aluminum coating, and are referred to as metallized polypropylene film (MPPF). While the MPPF acts like a fuse just as a thin wire does, its properties can be manipulated to produce a controlled characteristic voltage-current wave shape for the desired application. This allows the determination of what waveform aspects, if any, result in the fracturing of ice. Then, the placement of the wire or MPPF with respect to the ice was varied to determine the best configuration.

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Properties of Fluids

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Consistent microplastic ingestion by deep-sea invertebrates over the last four decades (1976–2015), a study from the North East Atlantic

Consistent microplastic ingestion by deep-sea invertebrates over the last four decades (1976–2015), a study from the North East Atlantic

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of ultradisperse molybdenum disulfide

Determination of Fracturing Mechanisms in Ice using Pulsed Power

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