A model-independent partial-wave analysis of the S-wave component of the Kπ system from decays of D + mesons to the three-body K − π + π + final state is described. Data come from the Fermilab E791 experiment. Amplitude measurements are made independently for ranges of K − π + invariant mass, and results are obtained below 825 MeV/c 2 , where previous measurements exist only in two mass bins. This method of parametrizing a three-body decay amplitude represents a new approach to analysing such decays. Though no model is required for the S-wave, a parametrization of the relatively well-known reference P -and D-waves, optimized to describe the data used, is required. In this paper, a Breit-Wigner model is adopted to describe the resonances in these waves. The observed phase variation for the S-, P -and D-waves do not match existing measurements of I = 1 2 K − π + scattering in the invariant mass range in which scattering is predominantly elastic. If the data are mostly I = 1 2 , this observation indicates that the Watson theorem, which requires these phases to have the same dependence on invariant mass, may not apply to these decays without allowing for some interaction with the other pion. The production rate of K − π + from these decays, if assumed to be predominantly I = 1 2 , is also found to have a significant dependence on invariant mass in the region above 1.25 GeV/c 2 . These measurements can provide a relatively model-free basis for future attempts to determine which strange scalar amplitudes contribute to the decays.

Measles remains an important cause of childhood mortality worldwide. Sustained high vaccination coverage is the key to preventing measles deaths. Because measles vaccine is delivered by injection, hurdles to high coverage include the need for trained medical personnel and a cold chain, waste of vaccine in multidose vials and risks associated with needle use and disposal. Respiratory vaccine delivery could lower these barriers and facilitate sustained high coverage. We developed a novel single unit dose, dry powder live-attenuated measles vaccine (MVDP) for respiratory delivery without reconstitution. We tested the immunogenicity and protective efficacy in rhesus macaques of one dose of MVDP delivered either with a mask or directly intranasal with two dry powder inhalers, PuffHaler and BD Solovent. MVDP induced robust measles virus (MeV)-specific humoral and T-cell responses, without adverse effects, which completely protected the macaques from infection with wild-type MeV more than one year later. Respiratory delivery of MVDP was safe and effective and could aid in measles control.aerosol delivery | protective immunity | multifunctional T cells | antibody avidity M easles is a highly contagious viral disease. Before the availability of measles virus (MeV) vaccines, more than 130 million cases and 7-8 million deaths occurred annually. Intensive immunization efforts with the live attenuated measles vaccine (LAMV) given by injection have resulted in substantial decreases in global measles disease. However, with an estimated 164,000 deaths in 2008 (1), measles continues to be an important cause of child mortality, especially in less-developed regions of the world. The key to prevention of measles is achieving and sustaining high levels of population immunity through vaccination, and substantial challenges for high coverage remain in many countries. Some of the challenges to providing a first dose of measles vaccine to at least 95% of each birth cohort, plus a second dose to older children, are related to the method of vaccine delivery.Measles vaccine is given by injection, and this creates hurdles to sustained high coverage in many developing countries. First, there is often a shortage of the trained personnel needed for sterile reconstitution and safe injection of vaccine. Second, in most developing countries, lyophilized vaccine is in 5-10 dose vials that, after reconstitution, lose 30-50% potency in an hour at 37°C (2), so unused doses must be discarded. Third, contaminated needles and syringes create risks for transmitting bloodborne disease and require safe disposal.As a potential improvement, respiratory delivery of reconstituted liquid LAMV has been studied for more than three decades (3) but has never been licensed or widely used. Aerosol administration of aqueous vaccine is highly effective in boosting preexisting antibody and holds promise for use in older children (4-11), but primary humoral and cellular immune responses vary with the age of vaccinees (12-15).We have developed a dry powder formulation of ...

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Candidate kairomones of ornithophilic mosquito species are reported from GC/MS analysis of compounds from the skin on the back, the feet, and feathers from the back of White Leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Hexane and ether extracts of chicken feathers differ significantly in attractiveness of Culex spp. mosquitoes. The active (hexane) extracts contained an abundance of alcohols, ketones, and diones. The inactive (ether) extracts contained aldehydes, which also were in the hexane extracts. Analysis of hexane extracts from chicken feet, skin, and feathers demonstrated the qualitative similarity in the compounds collected with subtle differences observed in the quantitative amounts of these compounds. Aldehydes and carboxylic acids were detected in a concentrated ether extract of feathers in quantitatively similar ratios within each compound class for the corresponding series of C(6)-C(9 )aldehydes and acids.