Properties of lignin–polyurethane films prepared by casting method

Ciobanu, Constantin; Ungureanu, M.; Ignat, Leonard; Ungureanu, Dragoş; Popa, Valentin I.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.024

Cited by 159 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This result could allow the chemical interactions that occurred between the hydroxyl bonds from the lignin and the NCO groups [31]. From this result, it can be speculated that lignin was well miscible with the PU foam matrix at a molecular level.…”

Section: Chemical Structure Ftir Spectra Were Used To Characterize Tmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…For comparison, the lignin used in this study was significant in reinforcing the mechanical properties of foams with comparison to cellulose and wood flour. The significant reinforcement functionality of lignin in the foam may be because lignin is a three-dimensional polymer acting as a compatibilizer in the PU matrix, which resulted in good molecular order of the polyurethane network [31]. With higher lignin content (15%), the mechanical properties of the foam were decreased, probably due to the lignin macromolecules agglomerating into segments, which reduced the uniform distribution of lignin in the foam.…”

Section: Apparent Density and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Biobased Polyurethane Foams Employing Lignin Fractionated from Microwave Liquefied Switchgrass

Huang

Hoop

Xie

et al. 2017

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Lignin samples fractionated from microwave liquefied switchgrass were applied in the preparation of semirigid polyurethane (PU) foams without purification. The objective of this study was to elucidate the influence of lignin in the PU matrix on the morphological, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the PU foams. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that lignin with 5 and 10% content in the PU foams did not influence the cell shape and size. The foam cell size became larger by increasing the lignin content to 15%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that chemical interactions occurred between the lignin hydroxyl and isocyanate revealing that lignin was well dispersed in the matrix materials. The apparent density of the foam with 10% lignin increased by 14.2% compared to the control, while the foam with 15% lignin had a decreased apparent density. The effect of lignin content on the mechanical properties was similar to that on apparent density. The lignin containing foams were much more thermally stable than the control foam as evidenced by having higher initial decomposition temperature and maximum decomposition rate temperature from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) profiles.

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Section: Chemical Structure Ftir Spectra Were Used To Characterize Tmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Apparent Density and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Biobased Polyurethane Foams Employing Lignin Fractionated from Microwave Liquefied Switchgrass

Huang

Hoop

Xie

et al. 2017

International Journal of Polymer Science

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“…These have been attributed to the breaking of C-C linkages between the lignin structural units (Ciobanu et al 2004), as well as the fragmentation of inter-unit linkages (Gordobil et al 2015). The temperature of this stage for LS was markedly lower than that of DLS, approximately in the range of 200 to 350 °C.…”

Section: Molecular Weight Distribution and Sulfur Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Desulfonation of Lignosulfonate on the Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Lignin Composites

Ye¹,

Zhang²,

Yu³

2017

BioResources

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To utilize the lignin generated by the paper industry and reduce the cost of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), PLA/lignin composites were prepared from PLA and different ratios of lignosulfonate (LS) or desulfonated lignosulfonate (DLS) particles using a casting method. The physicochemical properties of the lignins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation-high performance liquid chromatography (GPC), and elementary analysis. The results indicate that the sulfur content of the original LS was successfully reduced to half by desulfonation to produce DLS, which was found to have a higher thermal stability and a lower average molecular weight than LS. Additionally, the thermal stability, crystallization, compatibility, mechanical, hydrophobicity, and optical properties of the PLA/lignin composites were also meticulously evaluated. Comparison of the PLA/DLS and PLA/LS composites revealed that the incorporation of DLS into PLA improved compatibility, thermal stability (T5% and Tmax), and hydrophobicity, while the mechanical properties remained almost unchanged. In addition, both PLA/DLS and PLA/LS exhibited UV light absorption capacity. Finally, the low-rate addition of both LS (10%) and DLS (5%) accelerated the crystallization of PLA, but crystallization was delayed with higher lignin content.

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“…Os filmes poliméricos à base de amido, assim como alguns outros filmes poliméricos, também podem ser obtidos pelo método de moldagem do tipo casting [12] . No caso da utilização de solução que contém amido, este método consiste em, primeiramente, gelatinizar o amido para desestruturar os grânulos, seguida de uma etapa de deposição em um molde e posterior secagem em estufa para obtenção do filme polimérico termoplástico.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Filmes poliméricos baseados em amido e lignossulfonatos: preparação, propriedades e avaliação da biodegradação

et al. 2014

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Resumo: Este trabalho envolveu a obtenção de filmes poliméricos a partir de amido de milho e incorporação de lignina na forma de lignossulfonato. A motivação deste trabalho está relacionada à utilização do amido na obtenção de filmes devido ao seu potencial de biodegradação, além do aproveitamento de resíduos de lignossulfonatos provenientes da indústria de celulose e papel. Para a obtenção dos filmes foram utilizados lignossulfonatos em pó e foram realizadas diversas moldagens com variação do tipo e da proporção (1% a 4%) de lignossulfonato utilizado. Algumas análises foram realizadas nos filmes poliméricos para comparar propriedades térmicas por DSC (Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial), e propriedades de tração, em equipamento de DMTA (Análise Térmica Dinâmico-Mecânica). Neste estudo são destacadas as análises da biodegradação e da emissão dos gases liberados utilizando a técnica de Cromatografia Gasosa. De acordo com os resultados de DMTA, a maioria dos filmes poliméricos contendo lignossulfonatos apresentou resistência à tração inferior quando comparados aos filmes poliméricos sem lignossulfonatos (1,024 MPa). Porém, os filmes contendo lignossulfonato modificado com sódio (Vixil S) apresentaram maiores valores de resistência à tração quando comparado aos outros filmes contendo os lignossulfonatos utilizados (Vixil I e Vixil Tan). Nas análises térmicas foram notadas semelhanças entre os dois tipos principais de filmes poliméricos (amido; e amido com lignossulfonato), com alguns deslocamentos das temperaturas dos principais picos máximos dos filmes contendo lignossulfonato (4%, Vixil S). Na análise de biodegradabilidade foi verificado que os materiais são biodegradáveis e houve uma emissão maior de CO 2 e N 2 O das amostras dos filmes contendo 4% lignossulfonato do tipo Vixil S, em comparação com as amostras sem lignossulfonato. Palavras-chave: Filme polimérico, amido, lignossulfonato, DMTA, DSC, biodegradação. Polymeric Films Based on Starch and lignosulfonates: Preparation, Properties and Evaluation of BiodegradationAbstract: We obtained polymer films from corn starch with lignin incorporation as lignosulfonate. The motivation is the use of starch in obtaining films, due to their potential for biodegradation, and the use of lignosulfonate waste from the pulp and paper industry. To obtain films of lignosulfonates various powders of lignosulfonate were used, varying type and proportion (1% to 4%). Analyses were performed on polymer films to compare thermal properties by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and tensile properties in Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis, DMTA. We emphasize analyses of biodegradation and gas emission using gas chromatography. According to the results of DMTA, most polymeric films containing lignosulfonates showed lower tensile strength when compared to polymer films without lignosulfonates (1.024 MPa). However, the films containing lignosulfonate modified with sodium (Vixil S) showed higher tensile strength when compared to other films containing lignosulfonates (Vixil I and Vixi...

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Properties of lignin–polyurethane films prepared by casting method

Cited by 159 publications

References 21 publications

Characterization of Biobased Polyurethane Foams Employing Lignin Fractionated from Microwave Liquefied Switchgrass

Characterization of Biobased Polyurethane Foams Employing Lignin Fractionated from Microwave Liquefied Switchgrass

Effect of Desulfonation of Lignosulfonate on the Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Lignin Composites

Filmes poliméricos baseados em amido e lignossulfonatos: preparação, propriedades e avaliação da biodegradação

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