Properties of new-generation hybrid layers combining hardfacing and nitriding dedicated to improvement in forging tools’ durability

Kaszuba, M.; Widomski, Paweł; Białucki, Piotr; Lange, Artur; Boryczko, Bożena; Walczak, Mariusz

doi:10.1007/s43452-020-00080-8

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Moreover, laser sintering of metal powders induces residual stresses in products [7]. From a wide range of industrial surfacing processes for improving the operation time of metallic structures, such as a combination of hardfacing and nitriding [8], surfacing via cold spraying [9] and thermal deposition of hard ceramics [10], it is recommended that DMLS systems (additive manufactured metallic components) should be modified via shot peening to improve the properties of 3D-printed machine parts. Furthermore, according to Benedetti et al [11], the use of shot peening induces advantageous compressive stresses and reduces surface layer porosity, which-in turn-leads to increased fatigue strength.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of shot peening on the surface properties, corrosion and wear performance of 17-4PH steel produced by DMLS additive manufacturing

Walczak

Szala

2021

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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Components produced by additive manufacturing (AM) via direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) have typical as-fabricated surface defects. As a result, surface properties of AM products should be modified to increase their strength, anti-wear behaviour, and at the same time to ensure their high corrosion resistance. Surface modification via shot peening is considered suitable for additive manufacturing of medical devices made of 17-4PH stainless steel. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of shot peening pressures (0.3 MPa and 0.6 MPa) and three types of blasting media (CrNi steel shot, nutshell granules and ceramic beads) on the tribological characteristics and corrosion resistance of specimens of DMLS 17-4PH stainless steel. Results demonstrated that shot peening caused steel microstructure refinement and—except for the nutshell shot-peened specimens—induced both martensite (α) formation and retained austenite (γ) reduction. 17-4PH specimens peened with steel and ceramic shots showed the highest increase in surface hardening by approx. ~ 119% (from 247 to 542 HV), which significantly improved their wear resistance. The highest mechanical properties (hardness and wear resistance) and corrosion resistance were obtained for the surfaces modified using the following media: ceramic beads > CrNi steel shot > nutshell granules. Adhesive and fatigue wear were two predominant mechanisms of tribological deterioration. Results demonstrated that the application of shot peening using ceramic beads led to grain size refinement from 22.0 to 14.6 nm and surface roughness reduction, which in turn resulted in higher corrosion resistance of the material. DMLS 17-4PH specimens modified by shot peening using ceramic beads and a pressure of 0.6 MPa exhibited the optimum surface morphology, hardness and microstructure, and thus improved wear and corrosion performance.

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confidence: 99%

Effect of shot peening on the surface properties, corrosion and wear performance of 17-4PH steel produced by DMLS additive manufacturing

Walczak

Szala

2021

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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“…At present, the valve production processes include two technologies based on hot plastic treatment [5,6]. One of them, commonly implemented, is a one-operation technology consisting in local heating of the charge material made of valve steel in the form of a small diameter bar, followed by local upsetting in order to obtain the proper shape of the so-called disk [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear Analysis of Forging Tools Used in an Industrial Production Process—Hot Forging in Closed Dies of the “Head-Disk” of an Engine Valve Forging

et al. 2021

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The article performs an analysis of the durability of punches applied in the process of producing a valve forging from chromium-nickel steel. A forging of this type is made in two operations: coextrusion of a long shank, followed by finishing forging in closed dies of the valve head. The product obtained in this way (after other additional finishing procedures) constitutes the key element of the combustion engine (resistant to high pressures and temperatures) in motor trucks. Unfortunately, a significant problem in this production process is a relatively low durability of the forging tools, especially the punch used in the second forging operation. The key element at this stage, deciding about the punch’s further operation, is the area of the so-called “calotte”. The short-term life of the tools results from very hard performance conditions present during the forging process (periodical high mechanical and thermal loads, long path of friction). The latter cause intensive abrasive wear as well as high adhesion of the forging material to the tool surface. Based on the performed studies, including the following: technology analysis, numerical modelling, macro analyses combined with 3D scanning of tool sections as well as microstructural tests and hardness measurements, it was established that it is crucial to properly select the process parameters (charge and tool temperature, tribological conditions), as even slight changes introduced into them significantly affect the operation time of the forging tools. Mastering and proper implementation of the analyzed forging technology requires numerous further studies and tests, which will enable its perfection and thus increase the durability of the tools as well as the quality of the produced items.

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“…However, their high susceptibility to corrosion and chemical reaction with the media in the air has shortened their life cycle and reduced their quality of use, which greatly limits their wide application [5][6][7]. Given that corrosion often occurs on their surfaces, the protection of metallic materials is currently being enhanced by improving their surface properties [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Particle Concentration on the Elemental Penetration Region and Properties of Ni-P-SiC Composite Coatings Prepared through Sandblasting and Scanning Electrodeposition on 45 Steel Surfaces

Zhang

Xian

et al. 2021

Coatings

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Ni-P-SiC composite coating was prepared on 45 steel surfaces through sandblasting and scanning electrodeposition to explore the relationship between element penetration region and composite coating properties. The single-factor control variable method with particle concentration as the research variable was used. Results showed that with the gradually increasing concentration of SiC nanoparticles, a trend of first increasing and then gradually decreasing was observed for the surface and cross-sectional microstructure of the coating, interpenetration ability of the elements, adhesion performance, and corrosion resistance. The best deposition quality of the coating was obtained when the concentration of SiC nanoparticles was 3 g·L−1. For cross-sectional microstructure, the scratch test revealed that the maximum coating thickness was 17.3 μm, the maximum range of elemental penetration region was 28.39 μm, and the maximum adhesion of the composite coating was 36.5 N. The electrochemical test showed that the composite coating had a −0.30 V self-corrosion potential and 8.45 × 10−7 A·cm−2 self-corrosion current density, the slowest corrosion rate. In addition, the composite coating had the best corrosion resistance and the largest impedance arc radius corresponding to an equivalent impedance value R2 of 3108 Ω.

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Properties of new-generation hybrid layers combining hardfacing and nitriding dedicated to improvement in forging tools’ durability

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of shot peening on the surface properties, corrosion and wear performance of 17-4PH steel produced by DMLS additive manufacturing

Effect of shot peening on the surface properties, corrosion and wear performance of 17-4PH steel produced by DMLS additive manufacturing

Wear Analysis of Forging Tools Used in an Industrial Production Process—Hot Forging in Closed Dies of the “Head-Disk” of an Engine Valve Forging

Influence of Particle Concentration on the Elemental Penetration Region and Properties of Ni-P-SiC Composite Coatings Prepared through Sandblasting and Scanning Electrodeposition on 45 Steel Surfaces

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