Properties of pellets of torrefied U.S. waste blends

Zinchik, Stas; Xu, Zhuo; Kolapkar, Shreyas S.; Bar‐Ziv, Ezra; McDonald, Armando G.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.01.009

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For instance, the effects of the synergy on the mass loss rate with paper-MPW ratio of 1:3 and 1:1 are less significant compared to 250°C Figures 7a1,b1, while the final mass loss after 8,000 s were still much higher than expected values. This finding was close to another previous study with paper-MPW ratio of 3:2, which were thermally treated at 300°C (Zinchik et al, 2020). However, with paper-MPW ratio of 3:1 at 300°C, the synergistic effects were almost insignificant.…”

Section: Synergy Effect In Torrefaction Of Fiber-mixed Plastic Wastessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Therefore, it is essential to learn if similar interactions exist between paper and MPW, which is the objective of this study. Synergistic effects between the non-recyclable MPW and paper wastes during torrefaction were observed in a previous study (Zinchik et al, 2020), showing significant synergistic effect between fiber and MPW at 300°C with fiber-MPW (60-40%). The current study expands to other blends and temperatures in the range of 250-400°C.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…FTIR analysis of 30 random MPW pieces identified the mix to be 39% PE, 27% poly (ethylene-co-vinylacetate) (PEVA), 27% PET, 3% polyamide-nylon, and 3% PP. Our previous study has characterized these MPW, and it was found that these wastes are mainly consist of LDPE, PE, PET, PP, polyamide-nylon, PVC and other materials (Zinchik et al, 2020). From Figures 4a1,a2, it was observed that the maximum mass loss rate at 250°C was ∼0.00002 (s −1 ) and the rate remained constant until 8,000 s with mass loss reaching ∼14%.…”

Section: Torrefaction Of Mixed Plastic Wastesmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Bypassing Energy Barriers in Fiber-Polymer Torrefaction

Kolapkar

Zinchik

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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The amount of waste generation has been increasing with a significant amount being landfilled. These non-recyclable wastes contain large number of fiber and plastic wastes which can be treated with thermal processes to turn them into energy sources since they have high calorific values, are abundant and usually tipping fees are paid to handle them. This paper studied the torrefaction of non-recyclable paper (fiber) wastes, mixed plastic wastes (MPW) and their blends at different ratios in the temperature range of 250–400°C through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The solid residues after the experiments were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Significant synergy between fiber and MPW were observed at the range 250–300°C, showing both increase in the reaction rate as well as the overall mass loss. At 250°C, the maximum mass loss rate was more than two times higher and the mass loss at the end of the experiments were also much higher compared to the expected results. In addition, synergy was weakened with an increase of temperature, disappearing at 400°C. The existence of such interactions between fiber and plastic wastes indicates that the natural energy barriers during the individual torrefaction in paper waste or plastic waste could be bypassed, and the torrefaction of fiber and plastic blend can be achieved at lower temperatures and/or shorter residence times. The MPW and fiber wastes were also compounded by extrusion (to produce pellets) at 220°C with different blend ratios. The fiber-MPW pellets from extrusion were characterized by IR spectroscopy, rheology, thermal analysis and flexural properties and showed significant chemical changes from the non-extruded blends at the same ratios. From IR characterization, it was found that there was significant increase in hydroxyl (OH) group on account of the carbonyl (C = O) and etheric (C-O-C) groups. The interaction between paper and MPW can be attributed to the plastic polymers acting as a hydrogen donor during the reactive extrusion process. Synergistic effects were also found from mechanical and rheological properties.

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Section: Synergy Effect In Torrefaction Of Fiber-mixed Plastic Wastessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Torrefaction Of Mixed Plastic Wastesmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Bypassing Energy Barriers in Fiber-Polymer Torrefaction

Kolapkar

Zinchik

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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“…The results showed clearly that the extrusion yielded a significant improvement of the solid fuel with a clear indication of the suitability of the extruded solid fuel from waste for coal power plants. A third paper has been submitted for publication (Zinchik et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It includes torrefaction, extrusion, characterization, and combustion. This chapter is the basis of a paper to be submitted for publication : Zinchik, S., Xu, Z., Kolapkar, S. S., Bar-Ziv, E., & McDonald, A. G. (2019) Chapter 5 is the development of a 101.6-mm (100-kg/hr) integrated torrefactionextrusion reactor that details a comprehensive study of this up-scaled integrated reactor system with in-depth study of the thermal dynamic behavior, residence time, heat transfer and the applicability of the system to torrefaction and pyrolysis. This chapter is the basis of a paper in preparation to be submitted to Waste Management: Zinchik, S., Kolapkar, S.…”

Section: Heat Transfer Analysis In a Paddle Reactor For Biomass Fasmentioning

confidence: 99%