Properties of promoter regions of mdg1 Drosophila retrotransposon indicate that it belongs to a specific class of promoters.

Arkhipova, Irina R.; Ilyin, Yu. V.

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb08057.x

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The mdg1 LTR has a canonical tss with a perfect DPE +28 downstream, while the AS tss not located in the LTR has two nonideal bases and an inappropriately spaced DPE ( Figure 3B). These data support previous characterization of the mdg1 S promoter (Arkhipova and Ilyin 1991). The non-LTR retroTn juan has a near canonical S tss and a canonical AS tss.…”

Section: S and As Tss Have Canonical Drosophila Promoter Elementssupporting

confidence: 90%

Antisense Transcription of Retrotransposons in Drosophila: An Origin of Endogenous Small Interfering RNA Precursors

2015

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Movement of transposons causes insertions, deletions, and chromosomal rearrangements potentially leading to premature lethality in Drosophila melanogaster. To repress these elements and combat genomic instability, eukaryotes have evolved several small RNA-mediated defense mechanisms. Specifically, in Drosophila somatic cells, endogenous small interfering (esi)RNAs suppress retrotransposon mobility. EsiRNAs are produced by Dicer-2 processing of double-stranded RNA precursors, yet the origins of these precursors are unknown. We show that most transposon families are transcribed in both the sense (S) and antisense (AS) direction in Dmel-2 cells. LTR retrotransposons Dm297, mdg1, and blood, and non-LTR retrotransposons juan and jockey transcripts, are generated from intraelement transcription start sites with canonical RNA polymerase II promoters. We also determined that retrotransposon antisense transcripts are less polyadenylated than sense. RNA-seq and small RNA-seq revealed that Dicer-2 RNA interference (RNAi) depletion causes a decrease in the number of esiRNAs mapping to retrotransposons and an increase in expression of both S and AS retrotransposon transcripts. These data support a model in which double-stranded RNA precursors are derived from convergent transcription and processed by Dicer-2 into esiRNAs that silence both sense and antisense retrotransposon transcripts. Reduction of sense retrotransposon transcripts potentially lowers element-specific protein levels to prevent transposition. This mechanism preserves genomic integrity and is especially important for Drosophila fitness because mobile genetic elements are highly active.

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Section: S and As Tss Have Canonical Drosophila Promoter Elementssupporting

confidence: 90%

Antisense Transcription of Retrotransposons in Drosophila: An Origin of Endogenous Small Interfering RNA Precursors

2015

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“…For any significant level of transcription to occur, at least one of the downstream elements may be required. A similar arrangement has been observed in eukaryotic promoters such as those for the ribosomal protein L32 gene (30), the TFIID gene (32), and the mdgl Drosophila retrotransposon (2). In prokaryotes, the E. coli LexA repressor binds downstream of the transcription start site to regulate expression of uvrD, cloDFJ3, sulA, and clel-i (11,12,28,49), although most of these genes contain well-defined and functional upstream promoter regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Expression of the psbDII gene in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 requires sequences downstream of the transcription start site

1991

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The psbDI and psbDII genes in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 encode the D2 polypeptide, an essential component of the photosystem II reaction center. Previous studies have demonstrated that transcripts from psbDII, but not psbDI, increase in response to high light intensity. Soluble proteins from Synechococcus cells shifted to high light were found to have affinity for DNA sequences upstream from the psbDII coding region. DNA mobility-shift and copper-phenanthroline footprinting assays of a 258-bp fragment revealed three distinct DNA-protein complexes that mapped to the untranslated leader region between +11 and +84. Deletion of the upstream flanking region to -42 had no effect on the expression of a psbDII-lacZ reporter gene or its induction by light, whereas a promoterless construct supported only minimal background levels of I8-galactosidase. A 4-bp deletion within the first protected region of the footprint decreased the 0-galactosid4se activity to approximately 2% of that of the undeleted control, but gene expression remained responsive to light. Deletion of the three protected regions completely abolished both gene expression and light induction. These results suggest that the psbDII gene requires elements within the untranslated leader region for efficient gene expression, one of which may be involved in regulation by light.Cyanobacteria make up a large and diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria. They share with plants the ability to use two photosynthetic reaction centers linked in series, termed photosystems I and II, to reduce photooxidized chlorophyll with electrons obtained from water, releasing molecular oxygen as a by-product. Components of the photosynthetic apparatus of cyanobacteria are highly conserved with their counterparts in the chloroplasts of higher plants (4). The reaction center core of photosystem II contains a dimer of two structurally similar proteins, Dl and D2 (48), which are encoded by the psbA and psbD genes, respectively (4). Dl and D2 house the photoreactive chlorophyll, primary acceptor, and other cofactors involved in electron transport through photosystem II (25,33,48). Both psbA and psbD are unique genes in the chloroplast genomes of most plants (19,36,41,53) but are present in more than one copy in cyanobacterial genomes (9,15,18

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“…The consensus CA(GIT)T is found at or near the transcription start site in several other TATA-less and TATA-containing promoters (1,24), with transcription often initiating at the C. The motif is usually preceded by a T. The 5' UTR of the I factor, however, does not depend on a T at position -1 for promoter activity, as the constructs assayed here have an A at this position.…”

Section: P186a41 Taga-mentioning

confidence: 84%

The 5' untranslated region of the I factor, a long interspersed nuclear element-like retrotransposon of Drosophila melanogaster, contains an internal promoter and sequences that regulate expression.

McLean¹,

Bucheton²,

Finnegan³

1993

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The I-R system of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster is controlled by a long interspersed nuclear element-like retroposon, the I factor. Transposition of the I factor occurs at a high frequency only in the ovaries of females produced by crossing males of inducer strains that contain functional I factors with females of reactive strains that lack them. In this study, the 5' untranslated region of the I factor was joined to

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Properties of promoter regions of mdg1 Drosophila retrotransposon indicate that it belongs to a specific class of promoters.

Cited by 55 publications

References 56 publications

Antisense Transcription of Retrotransposons in Drosophila: An Origin of Endogenous Small Interfering RNA Precursors

Antisense Transcription of Retrotransposons in Drosophila: An Origin of Endogenous Small Interfering RNA Precursors

Expression of the psbDII gene in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 requires sequences downstream of the transcription start site

The 5' untranslated region of the I factor, a long interspersed nuclear element-like retrotransposon of Drosophila melanogaster, contains an internal promoter and sequences that regulate expression.

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