Properties of radiation stable, low viscosity impregnating resin for cryogenic insulation system

Wu, Zhixiong; Zhang, Hao; Yang, Huihui; Chu, Xinxin; Song, Yuntao; Wu, Wenqiang; Liu, Huajun; Li, Laifeng

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2010.06.007

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Moreover, we identified an epoxy resin from the nuclear reactor and aerospace industry (Van De Voorde, 1970;Wu et al, 2011) with superior radiation resistance. Together this allowed us to significantly improve the resolution of X-ray imaging of biological tissue to the extent that key structures such as vesicles, synaptic densities or spine necks can be densely detected in 3D.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiation damage is minimised by imaging samples under cryogenic conditions using a recently developed cryogenic ptychographic tomography instrument (Holler et al, 2018;Shahmoradian et al, 2017) and by embedding in a newly identified highly radiationresistant resin (Van De Voorde, 1970;Wu et al, 2011). Residual sample deformations will introduce inconsistencies between the acquired projections, for which we compensate computationally in order to avoid loss of 3D reconstruction quality (Odstrcil et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-destructive X-ray tomography of brain tissue ultrastructure

Bosch,

Aidukas,

Holler

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Wiring diagrams of neural circuits are of central importance in delineating mechanisms of computation in the brain (Lichtman and Sanes, 2008; Litwin-Kumar and Turaga, 2019). To generate these diagrams, the individual parts of neurons - axons, dendrites and synapses - must be densely identified in 3-dimensional volumes of neuronal tissue. This is typically achieved by electron microscopy (Kornfeld and Denk, 2018), necessitating physical sectioning of the specimen either before or during the image acquisition process using ultrathin sectioning techniques or gallium or gas cluster ion beams (Denk and Horstmann, 2004; Hayworth et al., 2020; Kasthuri et al., 2015; Xu et al., 2017). Here, we demonstrate that X-ray ptychography (Pfeiffer, 2018), a coherent diffractive X-ray imaging technique, can faithfully acquire 3-dimensional images of metal-stained mouse neuronal tissue. Achieving high imaging quality requires minimization of the radiation damage to the sample, which we achieve by imaging at cryogenic temperatures and using specialised tomographic reconstruction algorithms (Odstrcil et al., 2019b). Using a newly identified tri-functional epoxy resin we demonstrate radiation resistance to X-ray doses exceeding 1011Gy. Sub-40 nm resolution makes it possible to densely resolve axon bundles, boutons, dendrites, and synapses without physical sectioning. Moreover, the tissue volumes can subsequently be imaged in 3D using high-resolution focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) (Heymann et al., 2006; Knott et al., 2008) showing intact ultrastructure, suggesting that metal-stained neuronal tissue can be highly radiation-stable. Ongoing improvements in synchrotron, X-ray and detector physics (Yabashi and Tanaka, 2017), as well as further optimization of sample preparation and staining procedures (Hua et al., 2015; Karlupia et al., 2023; Lu et al., 2023; Mikula and Denk, 2015; Pallotto et al., 2015; Song et al., 2022), could lead to substantial improvements in acquisition speed (Du et al., 2021), whilst widening the volumes that can be imaged with X-ray techniques using laminography (Helfen et al., 2005; Helfen et al., 2013; Holler et al., 2020b; Holler et al., 2019) and nano-holotomography (Cloetens et al., 1999; Kuan et al., 2020) could allow for non-destructive X-ray imaging of synapses and neural circuits contained in volumes of increasing size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive X-ray tomography of brain tissue ultrastructure

Bosch,

Aidukas,

Holler

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…This procedure improves the resin intrusion into the stator geometry, ensuring optimal insulation performance [ 25 ]. An important goal that the electrical manufacturing industry had to achieve in the development of resins intended for the impregnation process is the reduction of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) content, causing severe issues of environmental pollution [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The method used to reach this target is the production of solventless-type resins, which include both unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Electrical Characterization of Polyester Resins Suitable for Electric Motor Insulation

et al. 2023

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This paper undertakes the thermal and electrical characterization of three commercial unsaturated polyester imide resins (UPIR) to identify which among them could better perform the insulation function of electric motors (high-power induction motors fed by pulse-wide modulation (PWM) inverters). The process foreseen for the motor insulation using these resins is Vacuum Pressure Impregnation (VPI). The resin formulations were specially selected because they are one-component systems; hence, before the VPI process, they do not require mixing steps with external hardeners to activate the curing process. Furthermore, they are characterized by low viscosity and a thermal class higher than 180 °C and are Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)-free. Thermal investigations using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) techniques prove their excellent thermal resistance up to 320 °C. Moreover, impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 100 Hz–1 MHz was analyzed to compare the electromagnetic performance of the considered formulations. They manifest an electrical conductivity starting from 10−10 S/m, a relative permittivity around 3, and a loss tangent value lower than 0.02, which appears almost stable in the analyzed frequency range. These values confirm their usefulness as impregnating resins in secondary insulation material applications.

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“…It is important and necessary to develop the insulation materials which exhibit good mechanical strength and radiation resistance at cryogenic temperatures [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are some investigations [1,3,4] concerning problems associated with the mechanical properties, strength and thermoelasticity. It is interesting to note that nowadays there are no such things as model and analysis procedure of usage frequency of cryogenic facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction of low-temperature insulation under the condition of periodic duty

Polovnikov

Piskunov

2014

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The numerical investigation of thermal stresses within low-temperature insulation covering cryogenic pipelines and the numerical probability analysis of lowtemperature insulation destruction under the condition of periodic duty were carried out. The minimal longevity values for foamed polyurethane and mineral cotton were established. The results of longevity analysis for foamed polyurethane and mineral cotton under the condition of environment temperature variation were obtained.

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Properties of radiation stable, low viscosity impregnating resin for cryogenic insulation system

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Non-destructive X-ray tomography of brain tissue ultrastructure

Non-destructive X-ray tomography of brain tissue ultrastructure

Thermal and Electrical Characterization of Polyester Resins Suitable for Electric Motor Insulation

Destruction of low-temperature insulation under the condition of periodic duty

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