Properties of WO_3-x Electrochromic Thin Film Prepared by Reactive Sputtering with Various Post Annealing Temperatures

Abstract

The WO3-x thin films were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass at 0.7 oxygen flow ratio [O2/(Ar+O2)] using the facing targets sputtering (FTS) system at room temperature. In order to obtain the annealing effect, as-deposited thin films were annealed at temperatures of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 °C for 1 h in open air. The structural properties of the WO3-x thin film were measured using an X-ray diffractometer. The WO3-x thin films annealed at up to 300 °C indicated amorphous properties, while those annealed above 400 °C indicated crystalline properties. The electrochemical and optical properties of WO3-x thin films were measured using cyclic voltammetry and a UV/vis spectrometer. The maximum value of coloration efficiency obtained was 34.09 cm2/C for thin film annealed at 200 °C. The WO3-x thin film annealed at 200 °C showed superior electrochromic properties.

Optimized properties of innovative ElectroChromic Device using ITO / Ag / ITO electrodes

“…XRD demonstrates that the WO 3 /IAI is similar to those deposited on single ITO substrate (only the characteristic peaks of the ITO and the contribution of the glass substrate are detectable). This is consistent with the literature re sults whereas minimal temperature of 300 C is required for the preparation of crystalline WO 3 by magnetron sputtering [35,36]. For the NiO x /IAI films, only the (111) Bragg's peak of the NiO halite structure is visible at around 2q 37 in addition to the ITO and glass contribution.…”

Double Cross‐Linked Biomimetic Hyaluronic Acid‐Based Hydrogels with Thermo‐Stimulated Self‐Contraction and Tissue Adhesiveness for Accelerating Post‐Wound Closure and Wound Healing

“…Results demonstrated that the swelling equilibrium appeared to have no significant variation after 3 cycles, indicating the repeatability of the thermo-stimulated autoshrinkage of PNI-HA. [27] The tissue adhesion of PNI-HA was quantificationally measured using the modified tensile testing method (Figure 3D). All hydrogels were observed to exhibit temperature-regulated adhesive strength.…”

Preparation of WO3 Films with Controllable Crystallinity for Improved Near-Infrared Electrochromic Performances

“…The spirit of the research was to manufacture the WO 3 film that combines the positive features of the crystalline and amorphous films, providing gradual changes in the film crystalline structure along the film thickness. In addition, according to the previous reports, 400 °C is in favor of WO 3 to obtain a crystalline structure. , Thus, this temperature is chosen to prepare the WO 3 film with a crystalline structure in this work.…”

“…In addition, according to the previous reports, 400 °C is in favor of WO 3 to obtain a crystalline structure. 21,22 Thus, this temperature is chosen to prepare the WO 3 film with a crystalline structure in this work.…”