Property Change of LiNbO₃ Fabricated by Vapor Transport Equilibration Process

Abstract

We study gauged five-dimensional supergravity on the interval [0, πR]. We find a set of boundary conditions with respect to which the theory is locally supersymmetric. For theories with detuned brane tensions (Λ 4 < 0), we show that these boundary conditions can be used to spontaneously break global supersymmetry. For the original, tuned Randall-Sundrum scenario (Λ 4 = 0), we prove that the locally supersymmetric boundary conditions are also globally supersymmetric. We lift the theory from [0, πR] to S 1 and R, with arbitrary twists for the fermions, and cast these results in the language of the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism.

Urbach tail and bandgap analysis in near stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals

“…The defects cause band tail states that give rise to band narrowing. Therefore, the extent of Li enrichment, which reduces the density of defect state, influences the bandgap characteristics 11–13. The bandgap energy (indirect) ∼3.8 eV has been mostly reported for CLN crystal from the optical absorption measurement 14, 15.…”