this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.Cover illustration: Verma 2009, farmer in front of broken tractor on her recently allocated commercial farm, Zimbabwe.Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L.Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To Luis Navarro , Scientist, provocateur, mentor, and friend You are truly missed vii
ForewordThe history of development intervention is marked by multiple failures at dialogue between analysts and practitioners; an impasse caused in part by the failure to reconcile disparate professional languages. In Kenya, where critical thought for this book was generated, a cause célèbre in livestock intensification has been the ill-fated Maasai Project of the 1960s and 1970s. The wider East Africa region too is known for its repeated failures to sustain projects in agricultural extension, water management, and drought preparedness. It is against this backdrop, and the ever-increasing calls for better dialogue between analysts, practitioners, and indeed local people, that Nairobi hosted a workshop in 2003 on theoretical advances in ecological anthropology and related disciplines. Some contributions from that conference are included here, along with other, more case-study focused papers written in response to the conference's conclusion that analysts need to move from critique to application.Although the attempted dialogue between development practitioners and social scientists has always been more prominent in the established fields of agriculture, natural resource management, and health, we have recently witnessed important attempts to extend the dialogue into new areas like architecture, mining, humanitarian aid, and conflict resolution, especially through the interest in "local knowledge" for development. But, and this is crucial, future progress in these newer areas hinges on new advances in cross-disciplinary and analyst-practitioner dialogue within the more established fields. With reference to the biophysical, this volume explores some fundamental themes in the dialogue -e.g. how to promote awareness of the political and cultural dimensions of assisted development? how to contextualize claims to "participatory development"? -but pushes through conventional boundaries by asking broad social science questions of highly specific interventions. Practitioners and social scientists new to the debate are thus invited to develop critical awareness, for example, of the politics of nutrient transfers, of forest management ideologies, or of the notion that soils can be read as cultural artefacts. Such concepts capture novel ways of framing common problems in biophysical science.Aimed at ...