Prophylactic Effect of Opuntia ficus indica Fruit Peel Extract against Irradiation-Induced Colon Injury in Rats

Abstract

Opuntia ficus-indica extract has been used in traditional folk medicine for several purposes and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. This study was directed to explore the prophylactic effect of O. ficus-indica fruit peel extract against irradiation-induced colitis in rats. GC/MS analysis of the petroleum ether extract led to recognition of 33 compounds in the unsaponifiable fraction and 15 fatty acid methyl esters in the saponifiable part. Thirteen terpenes and sterols were isolated and identified from which ten compounds were not isolated from any part of this species before. Data showed that irradiation induced colon injury as manifested by elevated contents of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nuclear factor kappa B, while it reduced superoxide dismutase activity and interleukin 10 content in colonic tissues, which was confirmed by histopathological examination. Pretreatment with O. ficus-indica extract attenuated the alteration in the measured parameters. It could be concluded that O. ficus-indica fruit peel extract can be regarded as a potential agent in limiting colonic complications due to irradiation, possibly by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Pharmacological Role of Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew in Preventing Cyclophosphamide-induced Myelosuppression and Modulating Innate and Adaptive Immune Response

“…Identification of the constituents was carried out by comparing the spectral patterns with NIST 05 and Willey spectral library. 16 , 17 …”

Phyllanthus muellerianus and Ficus exasperata exhibit anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells by modulating calcium influx and activating caspases

“…Brie y, after connection of the spectrometer to an Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system, the separations were done by a Synergi MAX-RP 100A, with a H 2 O (+0.1% HCOOH) (A)/acetonitrile (+0.1% HCOOH) (B) gradient ( ow rate 500 μL/min, injection volume 10 μl). Samples were analyzed and identi cation of phyto-constituents present in P. muellerianus and F. exasperata extracts was based on the information from the spectra and data present in the literature (Oboh et al 2014;Kumar et al 2015;Elsawi et al 2020).…”

“…Brie y, after connection of the spectrometer to an Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system, the separations were done by a Synergi MAX-RP 100A, with a H 2 O (+0.1% HCOOH) (A)/acetonitrile (+0.1% HCOOH) (B) gradient ( ow rate 500 μL/min, injection volume 10 μl). Samples were analyzed and identi cation of phyto-constituents present in P. muellerianus and F. exasperata extracts was based on the information from the spectra and data present in the literature (Oboh et al 2014;Kumar et al 2015;Elsawi et al 2020).Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant potential of P. muellerianus and F. exasperata by DPPH assayThe antioxidant potentials of P. muellerianus, F. exasperata and ascorbic acid (positive control) were evaluated via their scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical as reported by Koleva et al (2002) with minor modi cations. 10 µL of each concentration (400, 800, 1200 and 2000…”

Manipulation of different phytochemical classes against inflammation induced by radiations

“…Moreover, the damaging effects of ionizing radiation are moderated by the overproduction of ROS, remarkable decrease in SOD activity associated by a distinct elevation in MDA content. All of these together promote increased lipid peroxidation powered by the oxidative deterioration of cell membranes [7,25] . In addition, other factors that could have an important role in the inflammation process in RT include the inflammatory mediators, TNF-α, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which are mainly released due to epithelial cell necrosis, edema, and neutrophile infiltration.…”

“…Furthermore, the mechanism of action by which many phytochemical compounds possesses their pharmacological activities has been clarified [4,5]. Consequently, based on the previous exerted activities, phytochemicals have drawn the attention in this novel study trend; radioprotection in both prophylactic and post radiation treatment protocols [6,7)]. Additionally, this collective work is basically concerning about the radiation meaning, types, effect on human health and offers a new perspective scenario about the outstanding benefits of phytochemicals, found in many plants around us and their unique radioprotective effect.…”