Prophylactic treatment of bipolar disorder in pregnancy and breastfeeding: focus on emerging mood stabilizers

Gentile, Salvatore

doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00295.x

Cited by 58 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Hence, the potential differential impact of epilepsy and bipolar disorder on child development has not been investigated. [1] Nonetheless, the finding that children born to epileptic mothers and exposed to specific AEDs show diverse neurodevelopmental outcome suggests that such medications are characterized by specific, different teratogenic neurobehavioral liability.…”

Section: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Childbearing years are a time of increased vulnerability to the onset or recurrence of several psychiatric disorders, thus placing young women at risk of suffering from mental problems (often clinically severe [1,2] ) during pregnancy. [3] Indeed, literature underlines that between 3 and 16% of pregnant women fulfill the diagnostic criteria for unipolar major depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to psychotropic medications

Gentile¹

2010

Depress. Anxiety

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Until now, studies on the reproductive safety of psychotropics have typically assessed the risk of congenital malformations and perinatal complications associated with in utero exposure to such medications. However, little is known of their inherent potential neurobehavioral teratogenicity. The objective is to analyze available data from studies investigating developmental outcome of children exposed prenatally to psychotropics. A computerized Medline/PubMed/TOXNET/ENBASE search (1960-2010) was conducted using the following keywords: pregnancy, child/infant development/neurodevelopment, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics. A separate search was also run to complete the safety profile of single specific medications. Resultant articles were cross-referenced for other relevant articles not identified in the initial search. A noncomputerized review of pertinent journals and textbooks was also performed. All studies published in English and reporting primary data on the developmental outcome of infants exposed in utero to psychotropics and born without malformations were collected. As regards antiepileptic drugs, only studies that provided data on specific medications approved for psychiatric practice use (carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and valproate) were considered. Data were extracted from 41 articles (38 identified electronically and 3 nonelectronically), which met the inclusion criteria. Despite reviewed studies showing relevant methodological limitations, concordant, albeit preliminary, information seems to exclude that prenatal exposure to both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants may interfere with the infants' psychological and cognitive development. Conversely, information on valproate strongly discourages its use in pregnant women. Moreover, although data on carbamazepine remain controversial, information on whole classes of drugs and single medications is either absent (second-generation antipsychotics) or too limited (first-generation antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, lithium, and lamotrigine) to inform the decision-making process. For all classes of psychotropics, new and/or further studies are warranted to answer definitively the urgent question about the impact of prenatal exposure to such medications on infant development.

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Section: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to psychotropic medications

Gentile¹

2010

Depress. Anxiety

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“…63 There is increasing usage of several of these agents for the depressive and maintenance phase of the disorder. 63 In the same study, a 30.8% increase in the rate of low birth weights as well as neonatal intensive care admissions was reported for in-utero olanzapine-exposed infants.…”

Section: Antipsychoticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teratogenesis associated with antibipolar agents

2009

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“…A broad range of congenital malformations such as neurodevelopmental deficits and cardiovascular abnormalities were reported with mood stabilizers best-known likes of lithium and valproate. 13 These agents are also recognized for their toxicity during breastfee-ding period; however, no relationship was displayed for any of the psychopharmacological agents of SIDS, during pregnancy or breastfeeding.…”

Section: Relationship Between Psychiatric Disorders and Predispositiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Role of Maternal Mental Disorders in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Balcıoğlu¹,

Kırlıoğlu²,

Öncü³

2018

Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med

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udden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden and unexpected death of an infant under 1 year of age, with the onset of the lethal episode apparently occurring during sleep, that remains unexplained after a thorough investigation including performance of a complete autopsy, and review of the circumstances of death and the clinical history. 1 Studies have revealed the possible risk factors for SIDS such as male gender, maternal smoking, premature birth, prone sleeping, soft bedding.2,3 The incidences SIDS vary between 0.06-0.8 per 1000 live births in different countries.3 SIDS is likely to be Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med 2018;15(1):39-42

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Prophylactic treatment of bipolar disorder in pregnancy and breastfeeding: focus on emerging mood stabilizers

Cited by 58 publications

References 163 publications

Neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to psychotropic medications

Neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to psychotropic medications

Teratogenesis associated with antibipolar agents

Possible Role of Maternal Mental Disorders in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

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