Prophylaxis and Treatment of Endemic Goiter in Peru with Iodized Oil<sup>1</sup>

Pretell, Eduardo; Moncloa, Federico; Salinas, R.; Kawano, Atsuko; Guerra-García, Roger; Gutierrez, Laura Beatriz; Beteta, Luis; Pretell, Javier; Wan, Min

doi:10.1210/jcem-29-12-1586

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Gushurst et al (223) reported that the median BMIC in U.S. women who used noniodized salt or consumed low or high amounts of iodized salt was 113, 143, and 270 g/liter, respectively. Pretell et al (224) administered 950 mg iodine as injected iodized oil to pregnant women; median BMIC at 18 -36 months postpartum increased to 70 g/liter, compared with 2 g/liter in untreated women. In Algeria, Chaouki and Benmiloud (136) gave 240 mg iodine as oral iodized oil either 1-3 months before pregnancy or in the first or third trimester.…”

Section: Strategies To Prevent or Correct Deficiency During Pregnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Deficiency

2009

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Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects in humans, termed iodine deficiency disorders, due to inadequate thyroid hormone production. Globally, it is estimated that 2 billion individuals have an insufficient iodine intake, and South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are particularly affected. However, about 50% of Europe remains mildly iodine deficient, and iodine intakes in other industrialized countries, including the United States and Australia, have fallen in recent years. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy and infancy may impair growth and neurodevelopment of the offspring and increase infant mortality. Deficiency during childhood reduces somatic growth and cognitive and motor function. Assessment methods include urinary iodine concentration, goiter, newborn TSH, and blood thyroglobulin. But assessment of iodine status in pregnancy is difficult, and it remains unclear whether iodine intakes are sufficient in this group, leading to calls for iodine supplementation during pregnancy in several industrialized countries. In most countries, the best strategy to control iodine deficiency in populations is carefully monitored universal salt iodization, one of the most cost-effective ways to contribute to economic and social development. Achieving optimal iodine intakes from iodized salt (in the range of 150-250 microg/d for adults) may minimize the amount of thyroid dysfunction in populations. Ensuring adequate iodine status during parenteral nutrition has become important, particularly in preterm infants, as the use of povidone-iodine disinfectants has declined. Introduction of iodized salt to regions of chronic iodine deficiency may transiently increase the incidence of thyroid disorders, but overall, the relatively small risks of iodine excess are far outweighed by the substantial risks of iodine deficiency.

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Section: Strategies To Prevent or Correct Deficiency During Pregnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Deficiency

2009

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“…In the latter country, the level of salt iodization be- (44)(45)(46), supplementation with iodized oil was introduced in severely affected populations in Asia (47), Africa (48), and Latin America (49). Initially, iodized oil was administered intramuscularly, more recently by the oral route.…”

Section: Current Status Of Idd Control Programs: Public Health Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goiter prevalence decreased rapidly and thyroid function reverted to normal and remained so for up to 7 years after injections of iodized oil and for up to 1 to 2 years after oral administration (47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53). Key factors in this success were normalization of the thyroid's iodine stores (48) and the level of iodization of thyroglobulin, the determining factor in impairment of thyroid function (36).…”

Section: Current Status Of Idd Control Programs: Public Health Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Deficiency in the World: Where Do we Stand at the Turn of the Century?

Delange¹,

Benoist²,

Pretell³

et al. 2001

Thyroid

214

114

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Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable mental retardation. Universal salt iodization (USI), calling for all salt used in agriculture, food processing, catering and household to be iodized, is the agreed strategy for achieving iodine sufficiency. This article reviews published information on programs for the sustainable elimination of the iodine deficiency disorders and reports new data on monitoring and impact of salt iodization programs at the population level. Currently, 68% of households from areas of the world with previous iodine deficiency have access to iodized salt, compared to less than 10% a decade ago. This great achievement, a public health success unprecedented in the field of noncommunicable diseases, must be better recognized by the health sector, including thyroidologists. On the other hand, the managers and sponsors of programs of iodized salt must appreciate the continuing need for greatly improved monitoring and quality control. For example, partnership evaluation of iodine nutrition using the ThyroMobil model in 35,223 schoolchildren at 378 sites of 28 countries has shown that many previously iodine deficient parts of the world now have median urinary iodine concentrations well above 300 microg/L, which is excessive and carries the risk of adverse health consequences. The elimination of iodine deficiency is within reach but major additional efforts are required to cover the whole population at risk and to ensure quality control and sustainability.

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“…In addition to this, most countries have adopted fortification of foods such as oils either as alternative iodine source or to augment the USI initiative. 5,6 However, the salt fortification programme has many advantages as salt is used by almost everybody and therefore overcome the issue of logistics required for the dissemination of other forms of iodine supplementation approaches. Not surprisingly, most developing countries mainly rely on the USI programme to meet iodine needs of the populace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the Challenge of Iodine Deficiency in Developing Countries

Simpong¹

2017

MOJPH

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Iodine deficiency causes stunted physical and mental growth as well as infertility, lethargy and cognitive impairment. Although iodine deficiency is endemic in most countries and is therefore a public health issue, it is preventable through adequate intake of iodine in diet. Recent global data estimated that 1.88billion people are at risk of iodine deficiency with 241 million children taking inadequate iodine in diet. Majority of these children with inadequate dietary iodine intake lives in Africa and South/South-East Asia. Gains have been made towards the eradication of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) through the universal salt iodisation (USI) programme which has ensured greater coverage of iodine intake throughout the world. In developing countries however, the perennial problem of weaker institutions means that much needs to be done if the goal of eradicating IDDs are to be realized. This minireview looks at what steps could be undertaken to maximize the odds of eradicating IDD through food fortification, strengthening of regulatory institutions, empowering small-scale salt manufacturers and conscientization of the populace to patronise not only iodized salt but also iodine-fortified foods.

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Prophylaxis and Treatment of Endemic Goiter in Peru with Iodized Oil¹

Cited by 43 publications

References 1 publication

Iodine Deficiency

Iodine Deficiency

Iodine Deficiency in the World: Where Do we Stand at the Turn of the Century?

Addressing the Challenge of Iodine Deficiency in Developing Countries

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Prophylaxis and Treatment of Endemic Goiter in Peru with Iodized Oil1

Cited by 43 publications

References 1 publication

Iodine Deficiency

Iodine Deficiency

Iodine Deficiency in the World: Where Do we Stand at the Turn of the Century?

Addressing the Challenge of Iodine Deficiency in Developing Countries

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Prophylaxis and Treatment of Endemic Goiter in Peru with Iodized Oil¹