Propionic acid-based deep eutectic solvents: synthesis and ultra-deep oxidative desulfurization activity

Abstract

Propionic acid-based deep eutectic solvents (C3H6O2/X ZnCl2, X from 0.1 to 0.6) were synthesized by stirring a mixture of propionic acid and zinc chloride at 100 °C.

A current overview of the oxidative desulfurization of fuels utilizing heat and solar light: from materials design to catalysis for clean energy

“…Mao and co-workers investigated the ability of propionic acid-based DESs with different compositions of ZnCl 2 as HBD to convert DBT into DBT sulfone in the presence of H 2 O 2 . 120 Interestingly, the conversion of DBT increased with the change of the C 3 H 6 O 2 -to-ZnCl 2 molar ratio from 1 : 0.1 to 1 : 0.5, but decreased drastically when the molar ratio reached 1 : 0.6 (Fig. 9c).…”

Oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel with caprolactam-based acidic deep eutectic solvents: Tailoring the reactivity of DESs by adjusting the composition

“…As a new type of green solvents, research on DESs has intensified in the last decade, ever since their potential in new chemical technologies was realized [29,30]. Among the existing literatures, the ODS of fuels using DESs has attracted wide attention [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Li's group synthesized a series of acidic DESs for deep oxidation/extraction desulfurization of model fuels and the desulfurization efficiency of such DESs reached up to 99.99% [31].…”

“…Li's group utilized the DES choline chloride/2 polyethylene glycol for desulfurization and the removal of DBT reached up to 99.1% [33]. Mao et al [34] reported a class of propionic acid-based DESs (C3H6O2/X ZnCl2, X = 0.1-0.6) and the desulfurization of DBT reached 99.42%. In a previous work, we found that the aromaticity of sulfur compounds was weakened by strong hydrogen bonding interactions in DESs, leading to easier oxidation to the corresponding sulfones by peracids [35].…”

Removal of Dibenzothiophene from Diesels by Extraction and Catalytic Oxidation with Acetamide‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…In previous oxidative desulfurization systems, the dosage of DESs was very high, e.g., the DES and model diesel volume ratio was 0.5:1 (1:2) in the ChCl/ p ‐TsOH system and 0.15:1 (about 1:6.7) in propionic acid‐based DESs . Therefore, the acetamide‐based DESs demonstrate excellent performance as only a small amount of DES is used.…”