Proportional Analysis of the Pig Renal Parenchyma and Sinus Structures

Abstract

Aims: This study was performed to determine the proportion of the parenchyma and sinus structures of pig kidneys and the distance between the collecting system and the kidney surface. Methods: Forty-one pig kidneys were analyzed. Cavalieri’s principle was used to obtain the volume of the cortex, medulla and sinus, as well the proportions of the arteries, veins and collecting system in the sinus. Results: The volume of the renal parenchyma varied from 129 to 488.4 cm³. The renal cortex was 83.79% and the medulla 16.21%. The collecting system occupied the greatest part of the sinus, ranging from 34.78 to 71.91% of the renal sinus. The collecting system was closer to the dorsal than to the ventral surface in the cranial pole (p < 0.001) and the hilar zone (p < 0.01). The distance from the collecting system to the medial border was shorter than that to the lateral border in the caudal pole (p < 0.001). Conclusion: With this new information about the variation in thickness of the pig renal parenchyma, continued studies using the pig model are needed to support the use of radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation in deep and large renal tumors with a component in the renal sinus.

Anatomical study of the renal excretory system in pigs. A review of its characteristics as compared to its human counterpart

“…Gómez et al, Anatomical study of the renal excretory system in pigs and number of minor calyxes, but have not provided the morphometric data of the components of the system [23,29].…”

“…The importance of characterising the excretory system in pigs resides in the use of this species for teaching-learning processes in compared anatomy, and as an experimental model for surgical procedures of the kidney and renal physiology [4,5,8,10,13,14,16,19,23,33]. This work intends to generate meaningful information on these renal structures through the evaluation of a sample of commercial pigs within the context of comparative anatomy between human and porcine kidneys.…”

Appraisal of the porcine kidney autotransplantation model

“…65,66 Furthermore, to obtain comparable size and morphology of the renal pelvis and calices, dogs taller than 70 cm must be used. 67 In pigs, basic renal function is comparable to man, but distal bifurcation of the renal artery is in cranio-caudal direction instead of antero-dorsally in man, resulting in a diff erent orientation of the kidneys' avascular plane. 12,45,46,67,68 Despite these diff erences, the susceptibility of pigs to ischemia reperfusion-induced organ damage is equal to that of man and societal resistance to the use of pigs for research is limited due to its large-scale agricultural use.…”

Anatomical background of ovine kidney for use as animal model: analysis of arterial segmentation, proportional volume of each segment and arterial injury after cranial pole partial nephrectomy

“…Then, each segmental artery was cannulated separately. Each artery was injected with polyester resin pigmented with different colors for each segment and 2.5% of catalyst (methyl ethyl peroxide) (14). The resin was manually injected under pressure with plastic disposable syringes, until each arterial segment was completely fulfilled.…”