Proposal for integrated analysis of public health emergencies involving arboviruses: the case of the Zika virus in Brazil

Pepe, Vera Lúcia Edais; Albuquerque, Mariana Vercesi de; Osório-de-Castro, Claudia Garcia Serpa; Pereira, Claudia Cristina de Aguiar; Oliveira, Cátia; Reis, Lenice Gnocchi da Costa; Reis, Carla de Barros; Dias, Henrique Sant’Anna; Miranda, Elaine Silva

doi:10.1590/0103-11042020e205i

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In May 2017, the Brazilian government announced the end of the national Zika virus emergency, due to the decrease in the number of new cases of the disease (Brasil, 2017c). The announcement came months after the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the end of the global Zika virus emergency (WHO, 2016a;Pepe et al, 2020). These declarations may have dampened the sense of urgency towards the disease, decreasing investments and government support for research and development for technological solutions and formulation and implementation of long-term policies in health care and educational support for affected children.. Impediments to care and difficulties in obtaining income, especially for vulnerable and poor families, can be decisive factors for catastrophic expenditures (Batista et al, 2020;Kuper et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-pocket expenditures associated with congenital zika syndrome in Brazil: an analysis of household health spending

Pereira¹,

Cavalcanti²,

Hofer³

et al. 2022

JBES

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Objective: The study aims to estimate catastrophic health expenditures associated with the diagnosis and follow-up treatment of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in children affected during the 2015-2016 epidemic in Brazil. Catastrophic health expenditures are defined as health spending that exceeds a predefined proportion of the household’s total expenditures, exposing family members to financial vulnerability. Methods: Ninety-six interviews were held in the cities of Fortaleza and Rio de Janeiro in a convenience sample, using a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and private household expenditures associated with the syndrome, which also allowed estimating catastrophic expenditures resulting from care for CZS. Results: Most of the mothers interviewed in the study were brown, under 34 years of age, unemployed, and reported a monthly family income of two minimum wages or less. Spending on medicines accounted for 77.6% of the medical expenditures, while transportation and food were the main components of nonmedical expenditures, accounting for 79% of this total. The affected households were largely low-income and suffered catastrophic expenditures due to the disease. Considering the family income metric, in 41.7% of the households, expenses with the child’s disease exceeded 10% of the household income. Conclusion: Public policies should consider the financial and healthcare needs of these families to ensure adequate support for individuals affected by CZS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-pocket expenditures associated with congenital zika syndrome in Brazil: an analysis of household health spending

Pereira¹,

Cavalcanti²,

Hofer³

et al. 2022

JBES

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“…Specifically, we constructed this database—the largest known database on Brazilian municipalities’ democratic governance, administrative capacity, and public health performance [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]—to better understand how local participatory policymaking institutions, local state capacity, and expert-designed social policies affect responses to public health challenges. Next, we used freedom of information requests in Brazil to compile and clean data on the universe of confirmed Zika cases for 2016 and 2017 in Brazil (280,000 cases in all [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. These data are technically public, but completely inaccessible from a practical perspective and have not been used in published, peer-reviewed scholarship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Democratizing Public Health: Participatory Policymaking Institutions, Mosquito Control, and Zika in the Americas

Touchton

Wampler

2023

TropicalMed

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The Zika virus is a mosquito-borne virus spread primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. Zika cases have been detected throughout the mosquito’s range, with an epidemic occurring from 2015 to 2017 in Brazil. Many Zika cases are mild or asymptomatic, but infections in pregnant women can cause microcephaly in children, and a small percentage of cases result in Guillan–Barré syndrome. There is currently little systematic information surrounding the municipal spread of the Zika Virus in Brazil. This article uses coarsened exact matching with negative binomial estimation and ordinary least squares estimation to assess the determinants of Zika incidence across the ~280,000 cases confirmed and recorded by Brazil’s Ministry of Health in 2016 and 2017. These data come from Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests in Brazil and have not been published. We use data on the universe of individual Zika cases in Brazil and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software to examine the virus at the municipal level across 5570 municipalities and construct a unique, unusually rich dataset covering daily Zika transmission. Additionally, our dataset includes corresponding local data on democratic governance, mosquito control efforts, and environmental conditions to estimate their relationship to Zika transmission. The results demonstrate that the presence of subnational democratic, participatory policymaking institutions and high levels of local state capacity are associated with low rates of Zika contraction. These models control for local healthcare spending and economic conditions, among other factors, that also influence Zika contraction rates. In turn, these findings provide a better understanding of what works for local health governance and mosquito control and makes important data public so that scholars and practitioners can perform their own analyses. Stronger models of Zika transmission will then inform mosquito abatement efforts across the Global South, as well as provide a blueprint for combatting Dengue fever, which is also transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.

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Proposal for integrated analysis of public health emergencies involving arboviruses: the case of the Zika virus in Brazil

Cited by 2 publications

References 53 publications

Out-of-pocket expenditures associated with congenital zika syndrome in Brazil: an analysis of household health spending

Out-of-pocket expenditures associated with congenital zika syndrome in Brazil: an analysis of household health spending

Democratizing Public Health: Participatory Policymaking Institutions, Mosquito Control, and Zika in the Americas

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