Proposal of a Visible Light Communication Method for Personalized and Localized Building Energy Management

Abstract

The Paris agreement at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) emphasizes the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and increase in energy consumption in all areas. Thus, an important aspect is energy saving in buildings where the lighting is a major component of the electrical energy consumption. This paper proposes a building energy management system employing visible light communication (VLC) based on LED lighting. The proposed management system has key characteristics including personalization and localization by utilizing such VLC advantages as secure communication through light and location‐information transmission. Considering the efficient implementation of an energy‐consumption adjustment using LED luminaires, this paper adopts variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) as a VLC modulation scheme with simple controllability of the dimming level that is capable of providing a full dimming range. This paper analyzes the VPPM performances according to variable dimming for several schemes, and proposes a VPPM demodulation architecture based on dimming‐factor acquisition, which can obtain an improved performance compared to a 2PPM‐based scheme. In addition, the effect of a dimming‐factor acquisition error is analyzed, and a frame format for minimizing this error effect is proposed.

State of the Art, Trends and Future of Bluetooth Low Energy, Near Field Communication and Visible Light Communication in the Development of Smart Cities

“…VLC will be widely used in the construction of building energy management systems in buildings where lighting is a major component of electrical energy consumption [279,280]. …”

Communication Systems in Distributed Generation: A Bibliographical Review and Frameworks

“…Table 4 summarizes the applications of VLC with its advantages. VLC is proposed in [118] for personalization and localization using LEDs for building management, considering indoor environment. The variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) was used for secure communication and location information transmission and authorization with different dimming levels of LEDs.…”

“…VLC was used for control signal transmission with high Bandwidth efficiency as compared to other communication techniques. The modulation technique even works when the LEDs are [81] Control Signal Communication DER System Overcome power converter limitations, enhance PLC performance [98] FSK Modulation Technique PV module Reduce electricity losses, Enhance predictive maintenance [99] Home Plug Communication PV module Save energy cost [100] Comparison of CDMA and OFDM systems PLC module Enhance noise immunity [101] communication modem PLC module A low cost solution, a smart graphical user interface [102] Monitoring Module PV panels Reduce the cost, localize the faulty panel [103] DPSK Modulation Technique DFT Maximum power from PV strings [104] PLC onboard Vehicles DER System makes maintenance and diagnosis easy [105] Modeling and Analysis of background and impulsive noise PLC Better performance during observed power line noise [67] Small Scale Radial Distribution Industrial Applications Road Signs, Street Lights, Parking Systems [106] Variation in noise PSDs analyzed PLC channel Suitable method for grids [107] prediction of EM noises PLC channel analysis of loads shedding in a microgrid [108] Data Transmission PWM network Overcome transmission limitations [109] fusion of PLC and PWN PWN network information exchange in a grid [110] control and coordination PLC dual modulation of DC-DC converters [111] control and coordination PLC power/signal dual modulation [112] information signal attenuation PLC fractional harmonic domain-based signaling [118] personalization and localization using LEDs VLC secure communication, local information transmission [119] intelligent lighting system LED enhances control signal transmission, optimal modulation [117] study of total energy consumption VLC high data rate communication [123] DER system WSNs Extract information and control signal communication [124] building implementation WSN Enhance DC powered LED-based lightening system [126] A smart street lightening system Zig-Bee, WiMAX, Rasberry pi-card central control unit with variable combination testing [127] Building Motion and Light sensors Zig-Bee 55 % energy saving [128] A street lightening system evaluated WPAN Digitally control light bulbs ballasts …”

Secure IoT solution for wearable health care applications, case study Electric Imp development platform

“…In this section, we are presenting the hardware design, shown on Figure 5, we have done and implement 21 used mostly to configure the wireless connections parameters. In this section, we are presenting the hardware design, shown on Figure 5, we have done and implement 21 used mostly to configure the wireless connections parameters.…”

“…In this section, we are presenting the hardware design, shown on Figure 5, we have done and implement based on the Electric Imp Wi-Fi module. Indeed, with its Cortex-M3 microprocessor, the Imp module offers different features, as 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi emitter receiver, printed antenna, unique media access control address, and a visible light communication interface, 21 used mostly to configure the wireless connections parameters. The Imp looks like an ordinary SD card (see Figure 6), where pins are used as general purpose input-output and take several functionalities as explained by Table 1.…”