Proposal of facial pigmentary unit and facial hyperpigmentation type for Fitzpatrick skin types II‐IV

Abstract

Background Studies on facial hyperpigmentation across different facial units are limiting. We aimed to analyze melanin pigmentation images to observe facial pigmentary demarcation lines (FPDLs) and suggest facial hyperpigmentation types for normal individuals. Materials and methods 3D facial melanin pigmentation images of 173 volunteers were obtained and analyzed for the presence of FPDLs. Pigmentation severity was assessed for each of the thirteen facial pigment units. The images were then grouped according to a pattern of hyperpigmentation to suggest three facial hyperpigmentation types—dark spot, photoaging and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Results Four groups of FPDLs including a novel group I were observed. Nasal, frontal, auricular were the darkest pigmented facial pigment unit, and the anterior neck was the least pigmented. The dark spot type was the most common facial hyperpigmentation type. The photoaging type and the PIH type showed age‐dependent distribution, as the photoaging type was more common among the subjects over 40s, and the PIH type was more common in younger subjects. Conclusion Facial hyperpigmentation among healthy individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types II‐IV is often accompanied by FPDLs and categorized into three types. Each type is modeled after the pattern of pigmentation associated with certain dermatological disorders. The practical implications of facial hyperpigmentation types can be resourceful in various fields including prevention and treatment of pigmentary disorders.

Eficácia de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados ômega-3 orais para prevenir a hiperpigmentação pós-inflamatória em fototipos altos após laser 1340nm fracionado não ablativo

“…O ácido tranexâmico oral já foi utilizado com este intuito, no entanto sem resultados significativos. 16 Além disso, é uma medicação que pode apresentar efeitos colaterais importantes. O ácido tranexâmico iniciado logo após o procedimento teria ação na melanogênese, bloqueando a interação entre melanócitos e queratinócitos, reduzindo citocinas inflamatórias que estimulam os melanócitos.…”

“…O ácido tranexâmico iniciado logo após o procedimento teria ação na melanogênese, bloqueando a interação entre melanócitos e queratinócitos, reduzindo citocinas inflamatórias que estimulam os melanócitos. 16 Diversos mecanismos são descritos. No entanto, a exata ação do ácido tranexâmico na melanogênese ainda é incerta.…”