Proposal of six species of moderately thermophilic, acidophilic, endospore-forming bacteria: Alicyclobacillus contaminans sp. nov., Alicyclobacillus fastidiosus sp. nov., Alicyclobacillus kakegawensis sp. nov., Alicyclobacillus macrosporangiidus sp. nov., Alicyclobacillus sacchari sp. nov. and Alicyclobacillus shizuokensis sp. nov.

Abstract

Moderately thermophilic, acidophilic, spore-forming bacteria (146 strains) were isolated from various beverages and environments. Based on the results of sequence analysis of the hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene, eight of the strains represent novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus. These strains were designated 3-A191T, 4-A336T, 5-A83JT, 5-A167N, 5-A239-2O-AT, E-8, RB718T and S-TABT. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and DNA gyrase B subunit (gyrB) nucleotide sequences confirmed that the eight strains belonged to the Alicyclobacillus clade. Cells of the eight strains were Gram-positive or Gram-variable, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped. The strains grew well under acidic and moderately thermal conditions, produced acid from various sugars, contained menaquinone 7 as the major isoprenoid quinone and did not produce guaiacol. ω-Alicyclic fatty acids were the predominant lipid component of strains 4-A336T, 5-A83JT, 5-A167N, RB718T and S-TABT. No ω-alicyclic fatty acids were detected in strains 3-A191T, 5-A239-2O-AT or E-8, but iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids and small amounts of straight-chain saturated fatty acids were detected instead. According to the DNA–DNA hybridization data and distinct morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomical and genetic traits, the eight strains represent six novel species within the genus Alicyclobacillus, for which the following names are proposed: Alicyclobacillus contaminans sp. nov. (type strain 3-A191T=DSM 17975T=IAM 15224T), Alicyclobacillus fastidiosus sp. nov. (type strain S-TABT=DSM 17978T=IAM 15229T), Alicyclobacillus kakegawensis sp. nov. (type strain 5-A83JT=DSM 17979T=IAM 15227T), Alicyclobacillus macrosporangiidus sp. nov. (type strain 5-A239-2O-AT=DSM 17980T=IAM 15370T), Alicyclobacillus sacchari sp. nov. (type strain RB718T=DSM 17974T=IAM 15230T) and Alicyclobacillus shizuokensis sp. nov. (type strain 4-A336T=DSM 17981T=IAM 15226T).

Alicyclobacillus aeris sp. nov., a novel ferrous- and sulfur-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a copper mine

“…Strain ZJ-6 T showed a range of phenotypic characteristics that differ from those of previously described (Albuquerque et al, 2000;Goto et al, 2007), the results from this study are given and the previous results are provided in parentheses. Symbols: +, positive; 2, negative; ND, not determined; W, weakly positive; V, variable between strains.…”

“…However, the description of the genus was subsequently amended to include organisms that possess straight-and branched-chain fatty acids due to the discovery of some species that do not possess v-alicyclic fatty acids, e.g. Alicyclobacillus pomorum (Goto et al, 2003), Alicyclobacillus macrosporangiidus and Alicyclobacillus contaminans (Goto et al, 2007), Alicyclobacillus pohliae (Imperio et al, 2008) and Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans (Jiang et al, 2008). At the time of writing (June 2008), the genus Alicyclobacillus was composed of 21 species with validly published names, two subspecies and two genomic species ( Fig.…”

“…Symbols: +, positive; 2, negative; ND, not determined; W, weakly positive; V, variable between strains. Growth in 5 % NaCl 2 2 2 2 Goto et al (2007). dData from Karavaiko et al (2005).…”

Alicyclobacillus consociatus sp. nov., isolated from a human clinical specimen

“…The genus Alicyclobacillus is remarkably heterogeneous. Initially described as a genus characterized chemotaxonomically by the presence of large amounts of alicyclic fatty acids (Wisotzkey et al 1992), many species have since been described, among them Alicyclobacillus aeris, Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans, Alicyclobacillus pomorum, Alicyclobacillus macrosporangiidus, Alicyclobacillus contaminans and Alicyclobacillus pohliae (Goto et al, 2007;Guo et al, 2009;Imperio et al, 2008;Jiang et al, 2008), in which these characteristic fatty acids have not been reported.In 2007, an endospore-forming organism was isolated from a blood sample from a 51-year-old woman on blood agar at 37 u C. Unfortunately, no other information of the clinical relevance of the strain is available. The strain was isolated from a blood culture, but it is not clear, and no proof has been documented, whether the strain really was the causal agent of an infection.…”

Tumebacillus permanentifrigoris gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic, spore-forming bacterium isolated from Canadian high Arctic permafrost

“…Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Eur1 9.5 T with BLAST (Altschul et al, 1990) and RDP-II release 9 Classifier software (Cole et al, 2007) indicated that strain Eur1 9.5 T formed a monophyletic clade affiliated with the order Bacillales (data not shown). The closest relative to strain Eur1 9.5 T in the GenBank database was an uncharacterized member of the Bacillales (Gsoil 1105; 94 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and the closest matching recognized relative was the type strain of Alicyclobacillus contaminans (87 % sequence similarity; Goto et al, 2007). Phylogenetic relationships of some of the 16S rRNA gene sequences that were most closely related to strain Eur1 9.5 T were determined by aligning 16S rRNA gene sequences with the CLUSTAL W program and phylogenetic inference packages in MacVector 7.2 (Accelrys).…”