Proposition for Improving the Design of Motor Windings for Low-Pressure Environment

Roger, Daniel; Ait-Amar, S.; Napieralska‐Juszczak, Ewa; Napieralski, Piotr

doi:10.1109/tia.2020.2973944

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Daniel Roger et al. analysed the local reinforcement of insulation by using electrostatic simulation and Paschen's law and proposed a new method for the design of PD free coils for small machinery at high altitudes [7]. D.R.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of air pressure variations on electrical vehicle motor insulation

et al. 2023

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Variation in air pressure severely affects the insulation of electric vehicle (EV) motors, hence weakening the reliability of EVs for safe operation. Nomex‐polyimide‐Nomex, a typical insulation material for EV motors, was used to investigate the motor insulation performance under different air pressures. The results show that the partial discharge inception voltage is significantly reduced for EV motors operated at lower air pressures, and the probability of partial discharge (PD) occurrence is increased. The macroscopic results reveal that the active area of the PD expands at low pressure, while the non‐corroded ring appears in the centre. Additionally, although the number and amplitude of the PD increase significantly with decrease in air pressure, the active area of the PD expands and electrical stress on the insulation per unit area increases slowly. Therefore, when the pressure decreased from 60 to 40 kPa, the endurance life does not show a significant downward trend. Furthermore, the dielectric constant and loss of the low‐pressure samples significantly change during the ageing process, which further indicates critical degradation of the insulation. The aforementioned investigations reveal that the air pressure at different altitudes has a significant impact on the performance of insulation materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of air pressure variations on electrical vehicle motor insulation

et al. 2023

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“…The breakdown voltage can be modeled by either Paschen's law [59,65,[120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130] or streamer inception criterion [54,[131][132][133][134]]. Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length [135]:…”

Section: Modelling Of Partial Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work mentioned above helps to understand the physics of partial discharge and the PD-free design methodology can be found in published papers [54,65,120,128,134,137,152] and Ph.D. thesis [106]. Based on the findings above, it is possible to conclude a general PD-free design methodology as shown in Figure 16.…”

Section: Design Of Pd-free Emsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability-Oriented Design of Inverter-Fed Low-Voltage Electrical Machines: Potential Solutions

Giangrande

Madonna³

et al. 2021

Energies

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Transportation electrification has kept pushing low-voltage inverter-fed electrical machines to reach a higher power density while guaranteeing appropriate reliability levels. Methods commonly adopted to boost power density (i.e., higher current density, faster switching frequency for high speed, and higher DC link voltage) will unavoidably increase the stress to the insulation system which leads to a decrease in reliability. Thus, a trade-off is required between power density and reliability during the machine design. Currently, it is a challenging task to evaluate reliability during the design stage and the over-engineering approach is applied. To solve this problem, physics of failure (POF) is introduced and its feasibility for electrical machine (EM) design is discussed through reviewing past work on insulation investigation. Then the special focus is given to partial discharge (PD) whose occurrence means the end-of-life of low-voltage EMs. The PD-free design methodology based on understanding the physics of PD is presented to substitute the over-engineering approach. Finally, a comprehensive reliability-oriented design (ROD) approach adopting POF and PD-free design strategy is given as a potential solution for reliable and high-performance inverter-fed low-voltage EM design.

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“…This means that a precise understanding of the insulation system's behaviour in terms of PD inception during actual operation is crucial for guaranteeing the simultaneous fulfilment of reliability and power density constraints. Various investigations have been carried out on PD analysis for insulation systems of Type-I machines [2,8,9], although only few of them refer to motors for aerospace applications [10][11][12]. In [10], an innovative 'contactless' PD detection method for machines' insulation is proposed, and its suitability is verified in a representative aerospace environment, down to 100 mbar pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [10], an innovative 'contactless' PD detection method for machines' insulation is proposed, and its suitability is verified in a representative aerospace environment, down to 100 mbar pressure. On the other hand, in [11] the authors mainly focus on modelling the PD phenomenology through the Paschen's law, with experiments carried out on round enamelled magnet wire specimens. Similarly, in [12] the authors address PD modelling in partial vacuum, although a different approach is adopted for evaluating the PD inception phenomenology, which is based on the streamer criterion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Machines for the More Electric Aircraft: Partial Discharges Investigation

Madonna

Giangrande

Zhao³

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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Modern electrical machines employed in transportation applications are required to provide high performance in terms of power (and torque) density. At the same time, being these applications safety-critical, a significant level of reliability and/or fault tolerance is expected. Among all the factors which can compromise motors reliability, partial discharges inception is one of the most crucial, in particular for low voltage, random wound machines. This paper presents an extensive experimental investigation on partial discharges in electrical machines for aerospace applications. Measurements are carried out using both sinusoidal and fast-rising pulses in a representative aerospace environment, emulating the typical ambient conditions encountered throughout a commercial aircraft mission, and beyond (i.e. down to 30 mbar). As a main result of the investigation, it is proved that electrical machines employed for actuating primary flight control surfaces feature a higher risk of partial discharges inception. Therefore, their insulation system demands an extremely careful design.

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Proposition for Improving the Design of Motor Windings for Low-Pressure Environment

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Impact of air pressure variations on electrical vehicle motor insulation

Impact of air pressure variations on electrical vehicle motor insulation

Reliability-Oriented Design of Inverter-Fed Low-Voltage Electrical Machines: Potential Solutions

Electrical Machines for the More Electric Aircraft: Partial Discharges Investigation

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