Off-tissue effects
are persistent issues of modern inhibition-based
therapies. By merging the strategies of photopharmacology and small-molecule
degraders, we introduce a novel concept for persistent spatiotemporal
control of induced protein degradation that potentially prevents off-tissue
toxicity. Building on the successful principle of bifunctional all-small-molecule
Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs), we designed photoswitchable
PROTACs (photoPROTACs) by including ortho-F4-azobenzene linkers between both warhead ligands. This
highly bistable yet photoswitchable structural component leads to
reversible control over the topological distance between both ligands.
The azo-cis-isomer is observed to
be inactive because the distance defined by the linker is prohibitively
short to permit complex formation between the protein binding partners.
By contrast, the azo-trans-isomer
is active since it can engage both protein partners to form the necessary
and productive ternary complex. Importantly, due to the bistable nature
of the ortho-F4-azobenzene moiety employed,
the photostationary state of the photoPROTAC is persistent,
with no need for continuous irradiation. This technique offers reversible
on/off switching of protein degradation that is compatible with an
intracellular environment and, therefore, could be useful in experimental
exploration of biological signaling pathways—such as those
crucial for oncogenic signal transduction. Additionally, this strategy
may be suitable for therapeutic intervention to address a variety
of diseases. By enabling reversible activation and deactivation of
protein degradation, photoPROTACs offer advantages over
conventional photocaging strategies that irreversibly release active
agents.