Prospective longitudinal analysis of antibody response after standard and booster doses of SARS-COV2 vaccination in patients with early breast cancer

Abstract

IntroductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants brought waves of pandemics with breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals. We analyzed the antibody responses after primary and booster vaccination in healthy controls (HC) and patients with early breast cancer (BC).MethodsIn this prospective longitudinal cohort study, the binding activity of serum antibody level against spike proteins and antigens of SARS-CoV-2 variants was measured within 21 days after each vaccination in the BC group and HC group.ResultsAll participants, 40 in the BC and 20 in the HC group, had increased antibody response after vaccination. BC group, however, had weaker humoral responses than the HC group (IgG: 1.5, 2.3, 2.5-folds in BC vs. 1.9, 3.6, 4.0-folds in HC after each dose; IgA: 2.1, 3.0, 3.6-folds in BC vs. 4.2, 10.4, 5.2-folds in HC after each dose, respectively). Those under concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy had weaker antibody response than the non-cytotoxic treatment group and HC. Adjunct use of steroids and age were not significant risk factors. The levels of binding antibody against the Delta and the Omicron (BA1) variants were lower than the wild-type, especially in BC.ConclusionIn the waves of new sub-variants, our study suggests that an additional dose of vaccinations should be recommended according to the anti-cancer treatment modality in patients with BC who had received booster vaccination.

The immunologic outcomes and adverse events of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose in immunosuppressed people: A systematic review

“…In our review six studies had investigated the safety and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 booster among an extended spectrum of immunocompromised patients ( Kontopoulou et al, 2022 , Shapiro Ben David et al, 2022 , Lin et al, 2022 , Yang et al, 2022 , Shen et al, 2022 , Tenforde et al, 2022 ) while in the remaining 52 studies, researchers had studied on specific immunocompromised subgroups as follows; transplant-recipients (n = 21) ( Balsby et al, 2022 , Affeldt et al, 2022 , Brandstetter et al, 2022 , Hod et al, 2022 , Schrezenmeier et al, 2022 , Thotsiri et al, 2022 , Davidov et al, 2022 , Sriphoosanaphan et al, 2022 , Catry et al, 2022 , Peled et al, 2022 , Hod et al, 2023 , Peled et al, 2022 , Fendler et al, 2022 , Crane et al, 2023 , Benotmane et al, 2022 , Busà et al, 2022 , Cassaniti et al, 2022 , Costard-Jäckle et al, 2022 , Karaba et al, 2022 , Nafar et al, 2022 , Perrier et al, 2022 ), hematologic malignancies (n = 9) ( Diamantopoulos et al, 2022 , Goldwater et al, 2023 , Ollila et al, 2022 , Storti et al, 2022 , Terpos et al, 2022 , Piñana et al, 2023 , Fendler et al, 2022 , Fiorino et al, 2022 , Gavriatopoulou et al, 2022 ), solid tumors and cancers (n = 5) ( Benitez Fuentes et al, 2022 , Tanzilli et al, 2022 , Guven et al, 2023 , Kim et al, 2022 , Su et al, 2022 ), dialysis (n = 4) ( Affeldt et al, 2022 , Quiroga et al, 2022 , Shashar et al, 2022 , Verdier et al, 2022 ), HIV (n = 4) ( Fidler et al, 2023 , Gianserra et al, 2022 , Kling et al, 2023 , Lamacchia et al, 2022 …”

“…Five studies investigated the efficacy of COVID-19 booster doses among patients with solid tumors ( Benitez Fuentes et al, 2022 , Tanzilli et al, 2022 , Guven et al, 2023 , Kim et al, 2022 , Su et al, 2022 ). Benitez et al observed higher antibody levels when comparing the antibody responses after the 1st to the 3rd and the 2nd to the 3rd vaccine doses ( Benitez Fuentes et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Guven et al reported a rise in seroconversion rates, ranging from 46.5 % to 88.5 %, following the 3rd dose, and also observed a significant boost in antibody titers after this dose ( Guven et al, 2023 ). In one study among 40 patients with early breast cancer, the breast cancer group had a 2.5-fold rise in SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG response after the 3rd dose, compared to a 4.0-fold increase in the healthy control group ( Kim et al, 2022 ). In another study among 51 patients with metastatic solid malignancies, a significant increase in the anti-S antibody levels and SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells was observed after the booster vaccination ( Su et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Although these groups of patients were excluded from clinical trials for marketing authorization, based on findings of different studies administration of a third ( Goldwater et al, 2023 , Feingold et al, 2022 ) and in some cases a fourth dose ( Davidov et al, 2022 , Fendler et al, 2022 ) of vaccine is recommended in immunocompromised patients. The safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has also been evaluated in different groups of these patients ( Brandstetter et al, 2022 , Sriphoosanaphan et al, 2022 , Peled et al, 2022 , Bjørlykke et al, 2023 , Wroński et al, 2022 , Tanzilli et al, 2022 , Gianserra et al, 2022 , Peled et al, 2022 , Crane et al, 2023 ) ( Davidov et al, 2022 , Smetanova et al, 2022 , Tanzilli et al, 2022 , Terpos et al, 2022 , Kling et al, 2023 , Lin et al, 2022 , Benotmane et al, 2022 , Gavriatopoulou et al, 2022 , Kim et al, 2022 ).…”

A Mannose-Modified Lipid Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticle Vaccine Increased the Anti-Tumor Immune Response by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment

“…This makes it easier for antigen-presenting cells, like dendritic cells, to take in and process these antigens, which then causes immune cells to recognize and respond to the tumor antigens. In addition, mannose modification is able to interact with specific receptors on the surface of tumor cells to promote intracellular phagocytosis and the internal presentation of nanoparticles [172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180]. Finally, the release of these immune stimulators and the presentation of tumor antigens will activate the body's immune system, especially promoting the activation and proliferation of antigen-specific T cells and B cells, thus strengthening the immune response to tumors [181][182][183][184].…”