Prospective management of nodal metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer

McHenry, Christopher R.; Rosen, Irving B.; Walfish, Paul G.

doi:10.1016/0002-9610(91)90147-6

Cited by 149 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Most authors have shown that cervical LNM are associated with locoregional recurrence of disease, but not with survival [6][7][8][9] . It has also been advocated, however, that modifi ed radical neck dissection (MRND) improves survival [4] , and some authors recommend therapeutic Siironen MRND for PTC patients presenting with signifi cant nodal involvement [8,[10][11][12] . It has also been suggested that patients with tumors over 1 cm should undergo central node dissection [13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Factors in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: An Evaluation of 601 Consecutive Patients

Siironen¹,

Louhimo²,

Nordling³

et al. 2005

Tumor Biol

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Background: Although papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is among the most curable cancer types, it can be a distressing disease for those patients suffering from frequent recurrences or even distant metastases leading to death. Age over 45 years is the most important indicator of poor prognosis. Our aim was to evaluate markers which might predict the outcome of an individual patient better than does TNM classification alone. Materials and Methods: Of 601 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for PTC, retrospectively we selected 36 patient pairs in which one recovered completely after primary surgery, and the other suffered from aggressive disease. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples from these 72 patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for COX-2, MMP-2, VEGF-C, Bcl-2, Ki-67, and p21 expression. Results and Conclusions: None of the markers we studied showed a superiority over TNM classification in selecting patients likely to progress to aggressive disease. However, the expression of COX-2 and VEGF-C seemed to be increased in patients over 45, which could explain the more aggressive behavior of these tumors. Moreover, we found that age over 45, tumor size over 4 cm, extrathyroidal extension of tumor, nodal metastases, distant metastases, and stage IV had an unfavorable effect on survival.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Factors in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: An Evaluation of 601 Consecutive Patients

Siironen¹,

Louhimo²,

Nordling³

et al. 2005

Tumor Biol

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“…Therefore, it may be concluded that a modified neck dissection should be performed in patients with clinically involved lymph nodes. On the other hand, McHenry et al [76] have reported that in 70 patients with nodal disease, there were 10 (16%) recurrences in 63 patients who had been treated with radioiodine, compared with 3 (42%) recurrences in 7 patients not given radioiodine therapy (Table II). This suggests that adjuvant radioiodine therapy after modified neck dissection may be useful in reducing lymph node recurrences in patients with clinically involved lymph nodes.…”

Section: Lymphadenectomy Lymph Node Metastases and Recurrencementioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, it is a fact that the regional lymph nodes are the most common site of recurrence, which occurs alone or concomitant with local or systemic recurrence [5,48,69,76]. McHenry et al [76] as well as Rosen and Maitland [83] have recommended that node sampling should be incorporated into the operative strategy for thyroid cancer to permit intelligent selection of patients for modified neck dissection. However, one problem with this approach is that the site of the metastatic nodal involvement does not correlate well with the location of the tumor within the thyroid gland [84].…”

Section: Lymphadenectomy Lymph Node Metastases and Recurrencementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, some surgeons have recommended a ''wait and see'' policy for patients with no clinical cervical lymphadenopathy or proven metastatic thyroid cancer within the lymph nodes [41,69,82]. However, it is a fact that the regional lymph nodes are the most common site of recurrence, which occurs alone or concomitant with local or systemic recurrence [5,48,69,76]. McHenry et al [76] as well as Rosen and Maitland [83] have recommended that node sampling should be incorporated into the operative strategy for thyroid cancer to permit intelligent selection of patients for modified neck dissection.…”

Section: Lymphadenectomy Lymph Node Metastases and Recurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic strategies and long-term results in differentiated thyroid cancer

Noguchi¹,

Katev²,

Miwa³

1998

J. Surg. Oncol.

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“…Follicular thyroid carcinoma predicts more aggressive behaviour with recurrences or/and distant metastases to liver, lung and bones. Undifferentiated thyroid tumors (UTC), also termed, anaplastic, are much less common, metastasize early, and have a much poorer prognosis with a 5 years survival rates lower than 5% [1][2][3][4]. The majority of patients die due to metastatic disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between RKIP Protein Expression and Clinical Staging in Thyroid Carcinoma

Trojanowicz¹,

Fu²,

Gimm³

et al. 2008

TOEJ

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Raf-1 Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP) belongs to a new class modulators of signalling cascades involved in maintaining of biological balance in many living organisms.RKIP targets and inhibits different kinases (Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) kinase, G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) signaling pathways), and its loss is associated with progression of many solid cancers and development of metastasis. In this study we analyzed RKIP expression in follicular, papillary and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma tissues from 54 patients by western blotting.We found that significantly reduced or lost RKIP expression was associated with lymph node (30 of 39 N1 tumors, 76.9%) and distant metastases (17 of 20 M1 tumors, 85%). No significant correlations were observed between RKIP expression and T-category, age, gender, histological type or tumor differentiation grade. Our results indicate that reduction of RKIP expression is a highly predictive factor for lymph node and distant metastasis in patients with thyroid carcinoma.

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Prospective management of nodal metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer

Cited by 149 publications

References 19 publications

Prognostic Factors in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: An Evaluation of 601 Consecutive Patients

Prognostic Factors in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: An Evaluation of 601 Consecutive Patients

Therapeutic strategies and long-term results in differentiated thyroid cancer

Relationship Between RKIP Protein Expression and Clinical Staging in Thyroid Carcinoma

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