Prospective study of the dietary inflammatory index and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women

Abstract

Scope Diet in relation to breast cancer etiology has been studied widely, but results have remained inconsistent. Various dietary components including fruits, vegetables, and meat have been implicated through their effects on inflammation. Using data from the Iowa Women’s Health Study we examine prospectively the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and breast cancer incidence. Methods and results DII scores were computed based on baseline dietary intake assessed by a validated 121-item food frequency questionnaire in a cohort of 34,700 women, aged 55-69 years at recruitment in 1986 and followed for incident breast cancer. During the 25-year follow-up period (1986-2011), 2910 incident breast cancer cases were identified. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found positive associations between DII scores and breast cancer risk (HR for DIItertiles: T3vsT1=1.11; 95% CI 1.00, 1.22), with stronger associations in obese women (HR for DIIcontinuous: 1.05 per unit increase in DII; 95%CI 1.02,1.12; HR for DIItertiles: T3vsT1=1.35; 95%CI 1.10, 1.66, p-value for interaction=0.02). Conclusion A pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII scores, appears to increase the risk of developing breast cancer, especially in obese postmenopausal women.

Meta‐analysis of the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and cancer outcomes

“…Twenty‐four articles were reviewed for full text . The summary statistics for each of these are presented in Table .…”

Diet as a hot topic in psychiatry: a population‐scale study of nutritional intake and inflammatory potential in severe mental illness

“…Overall, this population‐scale analysis of nutritional intake confirms that people with SMIs have higher intakes of obesogenic nutrients and more inflammatory diets than the general population. Whereas dietary interventions for SMIs often focus exclusively on over‐consumption of obesogenic, pro‐inflammatory foods, this study shows that further consideration should be given to increasing consumption of nutrient‐dense foods that are known to reduce systemic inflammation.…”

“…Beyond examining raw macronutrient intakes, we also explored the inflammatory potential of the diet using the dietary inflammatory index (DII®), which has produced consistent positive associations in over ten studies using inflammatory markers including C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α as construct validators.…”

Dietary inflammatory index and risk of renal cancer in the Iowa Women’s Health Study

“…In the Iowa Women’s Health Study (IWHS), the DII has been shown to be associated with colorectal and breast cancer incidence [29, 30] and mortality [31]. In this paper, we examine the association between DII and renal cancer in the IWHS prospective cohort.…”