Prospects for Anion-Exchange Membranes in Alkali Metal–Air Batteries

Tsehaye, Misgina Tilahun; Alloin, Fannie; Iojoiu, Cristina

doi:10.3390/en12244702

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…Apart from RED, highly selective and conductive membranes are required in other electrochemical energy systems, such as fuel cells [71][72][73][74], water electrolyzers [75][76][77], alkaline batteries [78,79], and flow batteries [80,81]. Design strategies and base materials envisaged for the monovalent selective membranes in the present work can be systematically incorporated for applications in these technologies.…”

Section: Other Prospects Of Selective Ion Exchange Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Monovalent Ion Selective Membranes for Reducing the Impacts of Multivalent Ions in Reverse Electrodialysis

et al. 2019

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Reverse electrodialysis (RED) represents one of the most promising membrane-based technologies for clean and renewable energy production from mixing water solutions. However, the presence of multivalent ions in natural water drastically reduces system performance, in particular, the open-circuit voltage (OCV) and the output power. This effect is largely described by the “uphill transport” phenomenon, in which multivalent ions are transported against the concentration gradient. In this work, recent advances in the investigation of the impact of multivalent ions on power generation by RED are systematically reviewed along with possible strategies to overcome this challenge. In particular, the use of monovalent ion-selective membranes represents a promising alternative to reduce the negative impact of multivalent ions given the availability of low-cost materials and an easy route of membrane synthesis. A thorough assessment of the materials and methodologies used to prepare monovalent selective ion exchange membranes (both cation and anion exchange membranes) for applications in (reverse) electrodialysis is performed. Moreover, transport mechanisms under conditions of extreme salinity gradient are analyzed and compared for a better understanding of the design criteria. The ultimate goal of the present work is to propose a prospective research direction on the development of new membrane materials for effective implementation of RED under natural feed conditions.

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Section: Other Prospects Of Selective Ion Exchange Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Monovalent Ion Selective Membranes for Reducing the Impacts of Multivalent Ions in Reverse Electrodialysis

et al. 2019

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“…However, some issues, such as full utilization of the Zn particles in the electrochemical reaction, blockage of the Zn particles in the electrode [ 9 ], integral battery configuration [ 26 ] and appropriate membrane development [ 27 , 28 ] have been impeding the development and commercialization of rechargeable Zn slurry–air flow batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pristine and Modified Porous Membranes for Zinc Slurry–Air Flow Battery

et al. 2021

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The membrane is a crucial component of Zn slurry–air flow battery since it provides ionic conductivity between the electrodes while avoiding the mixing of the two compartments. Herein, six commercial membranes (Cellophane™ 350PØØ, Zirfon®, Fumatech® PBI, Celgard® 3501, 3401 and 5550) were first characterized in terms of electrolyte uptake, ion conductivity and zincate ion crossover, and tested in Zn slurry–air flow battery. The peak power density of the battery employing the membranes was found to depend on the in-situ cell resistance. Among them, the cell using Celgard® 3501 membrane, with in-situ area resistance of 2 Ω cm2 at room temperature displayed the highest peak power density (90 mW cm−2). However, due to the porous nature of most of these membranes, a significant crossover of zincate ions was observed. To address this issue, an ion-selective ionomer containing modified poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) and N-spirocyclic quaternary ammonium monomer was coated on a Celgard® 3501 membrane and crosslinked via UV irradiation (PPO-3.45 + 3501). Moreover, commercial FAA-3 solutions (FAA, Fumatech) were coated for comparison purpose. The successful impregnation of the membrane with the anion-exchange polymers was confirmed by SEM, FTIR and Hg porosimetry. The PPO-3.45 + 3501 membrane exhibited 18 times lower zincate ions crossover compared to that of the pristine membrane (5.2 × 10−13 vs. 9.2 × 10−12 m2 s−1). With low zincate ions crossover and a peak power density of 66 mW cm−2, the prepared membrane is a suitable candidate for rechargeable Zn slurry–air flow batteries.

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“…Several different aspects of the zinc slurry air flow battery are under active development, aiming to improve its electrochemical performance, such as catalyst research to enhance ORR kinetics [18,19] and zinc slurry formulation to improve the negative electrode performance [20,21]. Membranes or separators [22,23] are also important components of this system; as water is required in the ORR, the water transport from the zinc slurry plays a crucial role. Furthermore, the optimization of the flow field for the zinc electrode is key to improving the battery performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Flow Fields for Zinc Slurry Air Flow Batteries

et al. 2020

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The flow field design and material composition of the electrode plays an important role in the performance of redox flow batteries, especially when using highly viscous liquids. To enhance the discharge power density of zinc slurry air flow batteries, an optimum slurry distribution in the cell is key. Hence, several types of flow fields (serpentine, parallel, plastic flow frames) were tested in this study to improve the discharge power density of the battery. The serpentine flow field delivered a power density of 55 mW·cm −2 , while parallel and flow frame resulted in 30 mW·cm −2 and 10 mW·cm −2 , respectively. Moreover, when the anode bipolar plate material was changed from graphite to copper, the power density of the flow frame increased to 65 mW·cm −2 , and further improvement was attained when the bipolar plate material was further changed to copper-nickel. These results show the potential to increase the power density of slurry-based flow batteries by flow field optimization and design of bipolar plate materials.

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Prospects for Anion-Exchange Membranes in Alkali Metal–Air Batteries

Cited by 35 publications

References 116 publications

Design of Monovalent Ion Selective Membranes for Reducing the Impacts of Multivalent Ions in Reverse Electrodialysis

Design of Monovalent Ion Selective Membranes for Reducing the Impacts of Multivalent Ions in Reverse Electrodialysis

Pristine and Modified Porous Membranes for Zinc Slurry–Air Flow Battery

Development of Flow Fields for Zinc Slurry Air Flow Batteries

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