Prospects for atomic clocks based on large ion crystals

Arnold, K. J.; Hajiyev, Elnur; Páez, Eduardo; Lee, Chern Hui; Barrett, M. D.; Bollinger, John J.

doi:10.1103/physreva.92.032108

Cited by 52 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The QPS depends on the angle between the quantization axis and the electric field gradient as well as the state of the ion. The angle dependence is given by [27,32,72]…”

Section: Robust Multi-ion Crystal Clockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative approach based on large 3d Coulomb crystals of ions has been theoretically investigated [27] for ion species for which the micromotion-induced Doppler shift and the scalar ac Stark shift, both driven by the rf trapping field, can be made to cancel at a 'magic' rf drive frequency [30]. This cancellation has been employed for single Sr + [34], single Ca + [35], and is currently being investigated for Lu + [27,36,37]. However, electronic states with J>1/2 are subject to rank 2 tensor shifts, such as rf electric field-induced tensor ac Stark shift (TASS) and QPS [30,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For 3d Coulomb crystals with tens up to several hundreds of ions, this results in positiondependent shifts, since the electric field environment of the ions differ. It has been proposed to reduce this inhomogeneous broadening across the ion crystal by employing a spherical ion crystal to minimize the QPS and by adding a compensating laser field for the TASS [27], or by operating at a judiciously chosen magnetic-fieldinsensitive point [37] for ions with hyperfine structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The statistical uncertainty can be improved by probing for longer times, ultimately limited by the excited clock state lifetime or the laser coherence time [24,25]. Alternatively, the number of probed ions can be increased.Recently, multi-ion clock schemes have been proposed to address this issue [26][27][28][29]. However, several challenges have to be overcome to maintain and transfer the small and very well characterizable systematic shifts achievable with single trapped ions to larger ion crystals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, multi-ion clock schemes have been proposed to address this issue [26][27][28][29]. However, several challenges have to be overcome to maintain and transfer the small and very well characterizable systematic shifts achievable with single trapped ions to larger ion crystals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust optical clock transitions in trapped ions using dynamical decoupling

et al. 2019

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We present a novel method for engineering an optical clock transition that is robust against external field fluctuations and is able to overcome limits resulting from field inhomogeneities. The technique is based on the application of continuous driving fields to form a pair of dressed states essentially free of all relevant shifts. Specifically, the clock transition is robust to magnetic field shifts, quadrupole and other tensor shifts, and amplitude fluctuations of the driving fields. The scheme is applicable to either a single ion or an ensemble of ions, and is relevant for several types of ions, such as Ca 40 + , Sr 88 + , Ba 138 + and Lu 176 + . Taking a spherically symmetric Coulomb crystal formed by 400 Ca 40 + ions as an example, we show through numerical simulations that the inhomogeneous linewidth of tens of Hertz in such a crystal together with linear Zeeman shifts of order 10MHz are reduced to form a linewidth of around 1Hz. We estimate a twoorder-of-magnitude reduction in averaging time compared to state-of-the art single ion frequency references, assuming a probe laser fractional instability of 10 15 -. Furthermore, a statistical uncertainty reaching 2.9×10 −16 in 1s is estimated for a cascaded clock scheme in which the dynamically decoupled Coulomb crystal clock stabilizes the interrogation laser for an Al 27 + clock.- [3,22,23]. The statistical uncertainty can be improved by probing for longer times, ultimately limited by the excited clock state lifetime or the laser coherence time [24,25]. Alternatively, the number of probed ions can be increased.Recently, multi-ion clock schemes have been proposed to address this issue [26][27][28][29]. However, several challenges have to be overcome to maintain and transfer the small and very well characterizable systematic shifts achievable with single trapped ions to larger ion crystals. The oscillating rf field in Paul traps results in ac Stark and second order Doppler shifts through micromotion [30][31][32]. Furthermore, electric field gradients from the trapping fields and the surrounding ions couple to atomic quadrupole moments, resulting in an electric quadrupole shift (QPS). The effects of micromotion can be avoided by trapping strings of ions in a precisionmachined linear Paul trap with negligible excess micromotion from trap imperfections [28,33]. The QPS in such Q 0 m J J J m , J j å = =-[67]. Such an average will also eliminate the linear Zeeman shift, assuming the field does not change between the frequency measurements contributing to the average. We propose a novel dynamical decoupling scheme in which robustness to this type of shifts is achieved by the application of a detuned driving field, mixing all m J states to form dressed states with effective Q 0 J m , j = . While the cancellation scheme is general and applies to tensor shifts of arbitrary electronic states, we consider in the following the Hamiltonian of the D 2 5 2 states of e.g.Ca + ions 2 1 , 1 0 J J 2

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“…The QPS depends on the angle between the quantization axis and the electric field gradient as well as the state of the ion. The angle dependence is given by [27,32,72]…”

Section: Robust Multi-ion Crystal Clockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust optical clock transitions in trapped ions using dynamical decoupling

et al. 2019

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Optical lattice clocks and related platforms

Takamoto,

Katori

2024

Quantum Photonics

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Blackbody radiation shift assessment for a lutetium ion clock

et al. 2018

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The accuracy of state-of-the-art atomic clocks is derived from the insensitivity of narrow optical atomic resonances to environmental perturbations. Two such resonances in singly ionized lutetium have been identified with potentially lower sensitivities compared to other clock candidates. Here we report measurement of the most significant unknown atomic property of both transitions, the static differential scalar polarizability. From this, the fractional blackbody radiation shift for one of the transitions is found to be −1.36(9) × 10−18 at 300 K, the lowest of any established optical atomic clock. In consideration of leading systematic effects common to all ion clocks, both transitions compare favorably to the most accurate ion-based clocks reported to date. This work firmly establishes Lu+ as a promising candidate for a future generation of more accurate optical atomic clocks.

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Prospects for atomic clocks based on large ion crystals

Cited by 52 publications

References 31 publications

Robust optical clock transitions in trapped ions using dynamical decoupling

Robust optical clock transitions in trapped ions using dynamical decoupling

Optical lattice clocks and related platforms

Blackbody radiation shift assessment for a lutetium ion clock

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