Prospects for creating of grape seedless breeding material of ukrainian breeding

Abstract

Goal. To select genetically and geographically distant perspective seedless grape varieties, in order to enrich the grape assortment in Ukraine. To replenish the database of varieties, which can be used as sources of valuable adaptive, agrobiological and technological characteristics. To use prospective genotypes in a modern breeding process and to subsequently confirm the presence of traits of interest in the offspring. Results and discussion. The study of new and reference varieties in the ampelographic collection was performed in field and laboratory conditions. Field trials were conducted in the National Scientific Center “Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking” according to the schemes, which are presented in methods of A. N. Negrul, E. B. Ivanova, E. S. Komarova, O. G. Mishurenko (3 x 1.5 m planting distance). All stages of agrobiological and phenological studies were performed according to the methods, which are generally accepted in viticulture and variety testing. Results. The main phenological, agrobiological and adaptive characteristics (drought resistance, frost resistance, and cold hardiness) of 22 genetically and geographically distant seedless grape varieties were investigated. The level of productivity and adaptation characteristics were determined as the main criteria for suitability of the variety for further application in the breeding process. Venus variety showed the highest low-temperature resistance. During the vegetative period varieties Einset seedless, Attika and Kishmish luchistiy were the highest leaf water retainers, which indirectly proved them to be highly drought resistant. Genotypes with an optimal combination of high adaptive characteristics, productivity and quality were preliminarily selected. Conclusions. The level of the manifestation of some valuable agrobiological characteristics was determined in a group of introduced seedless varieties. Highly adaptable and high-yield varieties were preliminarily selected. Those cultivars are suitable for use in the modern breeding process for enriching the grape assortment in Ukraine with local seedless varieties.