Prospects for Meeting the Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards in the U.S.

Zielinski, Jessica; Andreucci, Rebecca; Aktaş, Can B.

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.018

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Rubin studied the impact of the credits transaction system with different degrees of flexibility on the enterprise's compliance cost [47]. Given the more stringent CAFE policy in the United States from 2017 to 2025, the system of credit storage, borrowing, and transfer can also help auto manufacturers cushion the policy, avoid fines, and not increase too much cost to meet CAFE policy [48]. Fischer compared the impact of flexible compliance systems such as credit trading, feebate, rebate, and credit-transferring on national fuel economy targets [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Optimization Decision-Making Method to Comply with China’s Fuel Consumption and New Energy Vehicle Credit Regulations

et al. 2021

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The national targets of reaching carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060 propose higher requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction of China’s automobile industry. As an important measure for the government, the fuel consumption and new energy vehicle (NEV) credit policy system has a significant impact on the Chinese and even the global vehicle market. Considering the lack of a systematic evaluation model for China’s fuel consumption and NEV credit regulations, this study establishes a hierarchical optimization decision-making model based on technology frontier curves and a multi-dimension database containing extensive data of technologies, products, and enterprises in the Chinese market to simulate and evaluate the technology compliance and policy impact under multiple regulations. The results show that, from the perspective of the technology frontier curve, gasoline technologies still have great cost-effectiveness advantages when the fuel-saving requirement is less than 46%, and the space for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and range-extended electric vehicles (REVs) is gradually shrinking due to the cost reduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). BEV400 will be better than PHEV70 and REV100 when the fuel-saving requirement is higher than 79%. Diesel vehicles are always not competitive in the passenger car market. In terms of the compliance of corporate average fuel consumption (CAFC) regulation, the start-stop technology will be gradually phased out and mild hybrid electric vehicles will be rapidly introduced due to their high cost-effectiveness in 2025. With the tightening of regulations, the penetration rate of BEVs and PHEVs will be 23.7% and 6.7%, respectively, and mild hybrid electric vehicles will be gradually replaced by strong hybrid electric vehicles in 2030. By 2035, the penetration rate of BEVs and PHEVs will be 43.6% and 6% further. For the CAFC and NEV credit regulation (widely known as the dual credit regulation), the single-vehicle credit poses a greater impact on the penetration of NEVs than corporate credit percentage limitation and is the key factor that should be focused on. The NEV credit limitation in the dual credit regulation could push ‘poor performance’ automakers to produce the required number of NEVs and meet the bottom line. However, in the long term, when compared to the CAFC regulation, the dual credit regulation is more lenient, due to NEVs being able to get double benefits both on NEV credit and CAFC credit, and NEV credit can also unidirectionally compensate CAFC credit under the dual-credit policy context. With the increased penetration and cost reduction of NEVs, the ‘averaging’ effect of dual credit regulation will inhibit the development of energy-saving and new energy vehicles. Therefore, eliminating the connection between NEV credit and CAFC credit or only leaving the CAFC and the fuel consumption limit regulations in the future will be better for the long-term development of the energy-saving and new energy vehicle industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Optimization Decision-Making Method to Comply with China’s Fuel Consumption and New Energy Vehicle Credit Regulations

et al. 2021

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Study on Intermetallic Compound (IMC) in dissimilar joining of steel and aluminum (Fe-Al) – a review paper

Rahman,

Mamat,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

Weld World

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Dissimilar metal joints, particularly those involving aluminum and iron (Al-Fe), are widely employed in engineering due to their exceptional mechanical properties and unique microstructures. The purpose of this literature review is to assess the extent and depth of research related to dissimilar metal joint research, with a speci c focus on microstructure analysis and the reported ndings. The review identi ed three key themes for improving the quality of these joints: welding techniques, parametric optimization, and material treatment. Three themes were identi ed, namely, the welding techniques (i.e., Friction Stir Welding, TIG-MIG Hybrid welding, etc.), parameter optimization (e.g., Taguchi method, Response Surface Method etc., and Material Treatment) and the material treatment (pre-heating, Backing Plate). This comprehensive review highlights the importance of microstructural analysis in Dissimilar Metal Joint research, providing a foundation for understanding the nuances of different welding methods and their effects on joint quality. Additionally, strategies to mitigate the challenges posed by thick Fe2Al5 formation are discussed, ultimately contributing to advancements in dissimilar material joint technology and joint strength enhancement.

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Fuel economy of Chinese light-duty car manufacturers: An efficiency analysis perspective

Wang

et al. 2021

Energy

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Prospects for Meeting the Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards in the U.S.

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Hierarchical Optimization Decision-Making Method to Comply with China’s Fuel Consumption and New Energy Vehicle Credit Regulations

Hierarchical Optimization Decision-Making Method to Comply with China’s Fuel Consumption and New Energy Vehicle Credit Regulations

Study on Intermetallic Compound (IMC) in dissimilar joining of steel and aluminum (Fe-Al) – a review paper

Fuel economy of Chinese light-duty car manufacturers: An efficiency analysis perspective

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