Prospects for Millimeter-Wave Compliance Measurement Technologies [Measurements Corner]

Alon, Leeor; Gabriel, Sami; Cho, Gene Young; Brown, Ryan; Deniz, Cem M.

doi:10.1109/map.2017.2655530

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Motivated from the incompatibility, a recent work proposed a seminal framework integrating an MRI-compatible dipole antenna and a nonMRIcompatible mobile phone via phantom temperature change measurements [77]. This MRI-based measurement technique has lately been extended to the mmW devices [90].…”

Section: Recent Proposal On Emf Exposure Measurement Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Electromagnetic Field Exposure in Wearable Communications: A Review

Kim,

Sharif,

Nasim

2019

Preprint

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The concern on human health is often overseen while wearable technologies attract exploding interests. Mainly due to the extreme proximity or a direct physical contact to the human skin, wearable communications devices are acknowledged to cause higher levels of specific absorption rate (SAR) at the skin surface. Unfortunately, so far, we have found no study encompassing all the aspects that the general public needs to understand about wearable technologies-i.e., the analytical and experimental backgrounds, and report of SAR levels generated from commercial wearable devices. In this context, this paper provides an extensive review on SAR from various commercial wearable devices that are currently sold in the market, as well as the analytical framework and the current measurement methodologies for standard compliance tests. Moreover, considering the present interest in millimeter wave (mmW), this paper sheds light on the SAR evaluated at 60 GHz and also compares the SAR to that measured at 2.4 GHz. We expect that this paper will be of value in informing the general public of the safety in using the currently sold wearable devices, and in igniting further study of the exact biological consequences from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure due to wearable devices.

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Section: Recent Proposal On Emf Exposure Measurement Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Electromagnetic Field Exposure in Wearable Communications: A Review

Kim,

Sharif,

Nasim

2019

Preprint

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“…Different types of measurement systems are currently available on the market that can experimentally determine either the SAR, the incident electric (E) field strength, or the PD [6]. These include E-field probe-based systems [7], electro-optical probe-based systems [8], and optical fiber thermal sensor-based systems [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SDR-Enabled Multichannel Real-Time Measurement System for In Situ EMF Exposure Evaluation

et al. 2022

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The spatial and temporal variability of the signals emitted by modern communication devices produced a paradigm shift in approaching the human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). This inherent variability requires in situ, agile EMF measurement solutions capable of performing real-time isotropic measurements. The aim of this paper is to describe a new real-time, highly flexible multichannel EMF measurement system that consists of a sensor connected to state-of-the-art software-defined radio (SDR) equipment. In this paper an electric field sensor is proposed, but we also provide information on the extension of the probe to electric and magnetic fields. In the receiver section, the proposed solution is compared in terms of performances (sensitivity and accuracy), costs, and requirements, with standard solutions based on spectrum analyzers or a digital oscilloscope. Finally, the proposed solution was tested considering the signals emitted in various operating scenarios by a mobile device operating in the LTE-A and IEEE 802.11ax mobile communication standards. The results confirm the versatility and efficiency of the proposed solution for in situ EMF measurements of signals emitted by the new generation communication devices.

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