Prospek Dan Tantangan Usahatani Tembakau Madura

Abstract

Tobacco has an important role in the socio-economic life of the community, such as the State in the form of tax revenue and foreign exchange earnings,employment, the income of farmers, laborers, and merchants, as well as revenue. But on the other hand, under the pretext of health, development and trading of tobacco began to get legalized opposition through regulations. This has an impact on the survival of tobacco farming, which in turn have an impact on the welfare of farmers. This paper aims to discuss the prospects and challenges facing tobacco farmers inMadura. In addition, tobacco farmers face problems: marketing systems, productivity, and bargaining position. Alternative solutions are 1) reduction in acreage planted; 2) replacement of plants; 3) low nicotine tobacco cultivation; 4) diversification of derivative products; 5) optimization of the institutional.

Determination of Break-Even Point by Using ABC Method on Agricultural Commodities (Tobacco) in Madura

“…After the process of producing tobacco has been carried out by producing dried shredded tobacco which has been wrapped using palm leaves, which also supports the findings of Ridhawati et al (2018), Rachman et al (1999), Rahman & Widodo (2015), Hartono (2016), Hartono (2011), Hartono (2013. The farmer then sells the harvest to the buyer, which is classified by Hasan & Darwanto (2013) as follows: (a) tobacco collectors/ bound agent (Bandol); (b) Free agent; (c) Branches (skipper); and (d) Factory warehouses. Bandol's sale is the most likely sale by farmers because Bandol will operate in search of tobacco by door to door.…”

“…Even Madura has its local variety, namely prancak. Madura tobacco production is 24,48% of 58% of the total national tobacco production (Hasan & Darwanto, 2013). This tremendous potential has not been able to improve farmers' welfare because farmers are in the lowest chain in determining the price of tobacco (Hasan & Darwanto, 2013).…”

“…Madura tobacco production is 24,48% of 58% of the total national tobacco production (Hasan & Darwanto, 2013). This tremendous potential has not been able to improve farmers' welfare because farmers are in the lowest chain in determining the price of tobacco (Hasan & Darwanto, 2013). It happens because the local businessman of tobacco in Madura was involved in a social contract with the tauke (Chinese warehouse owner) and Bandol (local tobacco collector) (Zamroni, 2007).…”

“…Fauziyah, Hartoyo, Kusnadi, & Kuntjoro (2010) have a study on the productivity analysis of tobacco farming in Pamekasan that pointed out factors that could affect farmers increase productivity, as labor, fertilizer, pesticides, and land area. Similarly, Hasan & Darwanto (2013) explained the importance of zoning tobacco planting areas and tobacco replacement plants. Rachmat & Aldillah (2010) found the farmers' strategies to avoid anti-smoking policies that consisted of intensification strategies for large land farmers, whereas small and medium land farmers use intercropping strategies.…”

Upaya Pemerintah Kabupaten Kulon Progo Dalam Pengendalian Tembakau

“…Sementara itu terdapat beberapa peneliti yang memberikan gambaran upaya yang dapat dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia dalam pengendalian tembakau. Zonasi pemetaan areal tanaman tembakau, pengembangan tembakau rendah nikotin dan mencari alternative produk turunannya merupakan upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam pengendalian tembakau di Indonesia (Hasan & Darwanto, 2016). Tujuan kebijakan harus mampu mengakomodir langkah-lagkah yang diperlukan dalam mengatasi eksternalitas negative akibat merokok, tingkat retribusi harus dirubah dari tingkat kabupaten/kota menjadi tingkat provinsi untuk meningkatkan lingkup kebijakan dan ruang lingkup tindakan, serta dasar alokasi harus didesain ulang karena dasar alokasi saat ini akan mendorong pemerintah daerah untuk meningkatkan produksi rokok daripada mengendalikannya (Mayor & Sitepu, 2016).…”