Prostaglandin Endoperoxide H Synthases-1 and -2

Smith, William L.; DeWitt, David L.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60430-7

Cited by 715 publications

(520 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…Therefore, adiponectin has the potential to induce synthesis of multiple prostanoids through COX-dependent mechanisms. For example, COX-2 mediates the conversion of arachidonic acid into PGH 2 , which is subsequently converted to arachidonate metabolites that include PGE 2 , prostacycline, PGF 2␣ , PGJ 2 , and thromboxane A 2 (49). PGE 2 was of particular interest because it is detectable in supernatants of adiponectin treated stromal cell cultures, and can suppress immature lymphoid cells (6,28,39,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiponectin, a Fat Cell Product, Influences the Earliest Lymphocyte Precursors in Bone Marrow Cultures by Activation of the Cyclooxygenase-Prostaglandin Pathway in Stromal Cells

Yokota

Meka

Kouro

et al. 2003

The Journal of Immunology

130

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Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, is attracting considerable interest as a potential drug for diabetes and obesity. Originally cloned from human s.c. fat, the protein is also found in bone marrow fat cells and has an inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation. The aim of the present study is to explore possible influences on lymphohematopoiesis. Recombinant adiponectin strongly inhibited B lymphopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures, but only when stromal cells were present and only when cultures were initiated with the earliest category of lymphocyte precursors. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors abrogated the response of early lymphoid progenitors to adiponectin in stromal cell-containing cultures. Furthermore, PGE2, a major product of cyclooxygenase-2 activity, had a direct inhibitory influence on purified hematopoietic cells, suggesting a possible mechanism of adiponectin action in culture. In contrast to lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis was slightly enhanced in adiponectin-treated bone marrow cultures, and even when cultures were initiated with single lymphomyeloid progenitors. Finally, human B lymphopoiesis was also sensitive to adiponectin in stromal cell cocultures. These results suggest that adiponectin can negatively and selectively influence lymphopoiesis through induction of PG synthesis. They also indicate ways that adipocytes in bone marrow can contribute to regulation of blood cell formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiponectin, a Fat Cell Product, Influences the Earliest Lymphocyte Precursors in Bone Marrow Cultures by Activation of the Cyclooxygenase-Prostaglandin Pathway in Stromal Cells

Yokota

Meka

Kouro

et al. 2003

The Journal of Immunology

130

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“…However, basal levels of COX-2 expression have been observed in neurons in the hippocampus as well as in other brain regions (Kaufmann et al, 1996). COX-2 is upregulated in a variety of other cell types by cytokines and growth factors and down-regulated by glucocorticoid hormones (Smith et al, 1996). COX-2 is also expressed by normal and reactive astrocytes in the adult rat central nervous system (Hirst et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of astrocytic cyclooxygenase-2 in epileptic patients with hippocampal sclerosis

Desjardins

Sauvageau

Bouthillier

et al. 2003

Neurochemistry International

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Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been described in a wide range of neurological diseases including animal models of epilepsy. The present study was undertaken to assess COX-2 expression in hippocampal biopsies from patients with therapy-refractive temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). For this purpose, hippocampal CA1 subfield was dissected from epileptic patients with (n=5) or without (n=2) hippocampal sclerosis (HS). COX-2 expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. COX-2 immunoreactivity in TLE patient material in the absence of HS was restricted to a few neurons of the hippocampus. In the presence of HS, on the other hand, a significant induction of astrocytic COX-2 immunoreactivity associated with a concomitant increase in the steady-state level of COX-2 mRNA was observed in the CA1 subfield. These findings suggest that induction of astrocytic COX-2 is implicated in the pathogenesis of HS in TLE and is consistent with the previous findings of increased concentrations of prostaglandins in the cerebrospinal fluid of these patients.

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“…COX-1 is the constitutive isoform involving physiological processes such as gastric mucosa protection, platelet aggregation and kidney function [15]. COX-2 is induced by various stimuli such as mitogens, growth factors, cancer promoters and lipopolysaccharide, and constitutes the principal cause of PG synthesis during inflammatory reactions [16].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspirin and tension-type headache

Farinelli

Martelletti

2007

J Headache Pain

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Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, Aspirin) is among the most used drugs worldwide. At present, Aspirin represents a quite versatile drug employed in the control of pain symptomatologies and in situations such as prevention of both ischaemic stroke and cardiovascular events. Aspirin causes inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by inactivation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. ASA constitutes the focus of new researches explaining more widely Aspirin's control of inflammation. The induction of the endogenous epimers lipoxins (Aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxins, ATLs) represents one of the most recent achievements. This particular feature of Aspirin is not shared by other NSAIDs. ASA is well known as a headache medication, figuring as a possible treatment choice in tension-type headache but also in acute migraine attacks. Furthermore, a new Aspirin formulation with a greater rapidity of action has been introduced. In conclusion, little information exists on the subject and more studies are required.

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Prostaglandin Endoperoxide H Synthases-1 and -2

Cited by 715 publications

References 189 publications

Adiponectin, a Fat Cell Product, Influences the Earliest Lymphocyte Precursors in Bone Marrow Cultures by Activation of the Cyclooxygenase-Prostaglandin Pathway in Stromal Cells

Adiponectin, a Fat Cell Product, Influences the Earliest Lymphocyte Precursors in Bone Marrow Cultures by Activation of the Cyclooxygenase-Prostaglandin Pathway in Stromal Cells

Induction of astrocytic cyclooxygenase-2 in epileptic patients with hippocampal sclerosis

Aspirin and tension-type headache

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