Prostate cancer lesions are surrounded by FOXP3+, PD-1+ and B7-H1+ lymphocyte clusters

PD‐1 and PD‐L1 upregulation promotes CD8+ T‐cell apoptosis and postoperative recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

“…Similar upregulation of PD-1 expression was also observed in other several cancers, including melanoma, prostate cancer and renal cancer. 13,27,28 The mechanisms for PD-1 upregulation on T cells may be due to TCR activation 5,29 by tumor-associated antigens or stimulations by common c-chain cytokines, 30 including IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21 in tumor microenvironment. From the pathological analysis, we directly observed that the PD-L1-expressing tumor nest was an apparent forbidden area for lymphocytes, especially for PD-1 þ CD8 þ T cells.…”

Differential Patterns of Large Tumor Antigen-Specific Immune Responsiveness in Patients with BK Polyomavirus-Positive Prostate Cancer or Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

“…It is relevant, however, that prostate tissues appear to be characterized by features consistent with an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Infiltrating CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T lymphocytes are predominantly characterized by regulatory (32,36) and functionally exhausted (PD-1 ϩ , B7-H1 ϩ ) (8,17,47) phenotypes. Furthermore, enhanced suppressive function of adaptive CD4…”

Blood cells and their use in active immunotherapy of prostate cancer

“…26 Early results suggest an efficacy and safety profile that may be suitable for prostate cancer as well as the presence of the B7-Hi in prostate cancer aggregates. 27 Recent work implicates myeloid derived stem cells with macrophage phenotypes, NK cells and lymphocytes in the progression, metastasis and development of therapeutic resistance in a number of cancers including prostate cancer. [28][29][30] The potential to specifically target these cellular mediators may provide a rationale for newer therapies.…”