Prostate cancer mortality in Connecticut, Iowa and New Mexico African American men

Escobedo, Luis G.; Rivas, Saul D.; Holmes, Michelle D.

doi:10.1016/j.cdp.2004.06.003

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Epidemiological studies in the USA show that, since the late 1930s, the incidence of prostate cancer has been consistently higher among AAM than among White (Caucasian) American men (CAM). The reported rates have varied from 126.4 to 275.3/100,000 per year among AAM, compared with 74.5 to 172.9/100,000 per year in CAM [3][4][5][6][7]. In screening studies using serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE), AAM also had a higher prevalence of prostate cancer than CAM [8].…”

Section: Incidence Of Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous reports have shown that AAM present with higher stage tumours, poorer performance status, and a worse prognosis compared with CAM [3,6,7,19]. This is generally attributed to disparities between the two races with respect to socio-economic status, education and availability or use of healthcare services [7,26].…”

Section: Stage At Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitude of the higher mortality rate has been variously reported as 10 to 120%, or two to three times higher among AAM than among CAM [3,6,7].…”

Section: Mortality Due To Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate cancer: Prevalence and treatment in African men

Heyns¹,

Lecuona²,

Trollip³

2005

The Journal of Men's Health & Gender

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Epidemiological data from the United States of America (USA) indicate that the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer is higher among Black African-American men (AAM) than among White (Caucasian) American men (CAM). Earlier studies suggesting that prostate cancer is relatively rare among indigenous Black men in Africa are probably flawed by underreporting because recent studies indicate that the incidence rates among Black men are similar to those of White men living in Africa. The higher incidence of prostate cancer among AAM has been ascribed to racial differences in genetic susceptibility, dietary factors, or androgen metabolism. However, it may also be due to registration artefacts because in Africa the reported incidence rates of prostate cancer in different countries correlate directly with the per capita gross national product, suggesting improved access to medical facilities is responsible for higher reported incidence rates. The greater prostate cancer mortality among AAM may result from higher tumour grade and stage and higher serum PSA at presentation, but it has also been suggested that prostate cancer is biologically more aggressive in AAM than in CAM. However, recent studies indicate that tumour grade and stage and serum PSA at presentation are similar in the races, with no difference in survival after multivariate analysis controlling for pretreatment cancer severity. This suggests that the higher prostate cancer mortality among AAM results from socio-economic factors and limited access to healthcare. Black men living inside as well as outside of Africa still tend to present with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer due to lack of early detection programmes.

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Section: Incidence Of Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stage At Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate cancer: Prevalence and treatment in African men

Heyns¹,

Lecuona²,

Trollip³

2005

The Journal of Men's Health & Gender

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“…In a study looking at treatment patterns and mortality in Connecticut, Iowa, and New Mexico, radical prostatectomy was found to have increased by factors of 3-4 since the introduction of PSA testing, similar to what happened in Saskatchewan [19]. In Connecticut and Iowa, mortality was shown to increase but it decreased in New Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Changes in case mix and treatment patterns in prostate cancer in Saskatchewan during the prostate specific antigen testing era

Tonita

Skarsgard

Muhajarine

2008

Cancer Causes Control

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“…This changing mortality pattern was attributed to regional changes in tobacco use, although formal analyses were not possible since detailed race-specific data did not become available until the mid-1980s [6]. State-and regional level cause-specific cancer mortality trend data are now widely available in both publications and online [42][43][44]. Detailed comparative cancer mortality data for each state can be obtained online through the National Cancer Institute (http://statecancerprofiles.cancer.gov/); a limited amount of incident trend data also can be obtained at this website.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%