Prostate cancer risk in patients with melanoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Acharya, Prakash; Mathur, M

doi:10.1002/cam4.2995

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Based on the pooled results, melanoma survivors had an elevated risk for subsequent prostate cancer. Several hypotheses were advanced to explain for this association, among which, the role of UV exposure was the most argued one (21,43). Exposure to UV was the leading environmental cause of cutaneous melanoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of cutaneous melanoma with subsequent non-cutaneous malignancies - Who is at the Greatest Risk?

Zhou

Zeng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The risks of non-cutaneous malignancies following melanoma remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate site-specific risks of subsequent non-cutaneous malignancies in melanoma survivors. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles reported on risks of subsequent non-cutaneous malignancies in melanoma survivors. Pooled proportions and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were measured using both fix- and random-effects models. Results A total of 26 studies were eventually included. Pooled data demonstrated that Prostate cancer (21.58‰) and breast cancer (18.98‰) were the most common second non-cutaneous malignancies after a primary melanoma, followed by colorectal cancer (7.78‰), lung cancer (5.95‰) and colon cancer (5.72‰). Moreover, the pooled SIRs were 1.23 (95% CI, 1.13–1.34) for prostate cancer, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.07–1.26) for breast cancer, 1.82 (95% CI, 1.60–2.07) for thyroid gland cancer, 1.67 (95% CI, 1.28–2.18) for lymphoid leukaemia, and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79–0.95) for lung cancer. These findings were consistent after trim-and-fill analyses and restricting analyses to studies with two months lag periods. Conclusions Melanoma survivors are at increased risk for prostate cancer, breast cancer, thyroid gland cancer and lymphoid leukaemia, and at decreased risk for lung cancer. Our findings will provide the reference for patients counseling, second prevention and guidelines-making.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of cutaneous melanoma with subsequent non-cutaneous malignancies - Who is at the Greatest Risk?

Zhou

Zeng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The increase in risk of PC remained significant even after the overadjustment for rate of PSA monitoring tests, and was over 2-fold in men with melanomas diagnosed over 10 years prior and with men diagnosed with multiple melanomas (although this latter finding should be viewed with caution given that it was based on only 7 PC cases from 71 men with more than one melanoma diagnoses) Our findings are consistent with previous studies. In a recent meta-analysis [11], Acharya et al pooled the results of 15 (out of 17) studies with 282,592 male melanoma patients and found that men diagnosed with melanoma had a 24% increased risk subsequent PC diagnosis compared to the general male population (standardised incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.24, 95% CI [1.18 to 1.30]). While the meta-analysis identified a moderate amount of heterogeneity between studies (I 2 = 75%), this appears to have primarily been driven by a single study by Wu et al, which reported men diagnosed with melanoma had 73% lower risk of subsequent PC diagnosis compared to the general male population (SIR = 0.270, 95% CI [0.127 to 0.573]) [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our findings are consistent with previous studies. In a recent meta-analysis [ 11 ], Acharya et al pooled the results of 15 (out of 17) studies with 282,592 male melanoma patients and found that men diagnosed with melanoma had a 24% increased risk subsequent PC diagnosis compared to the general male population (standardised incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.24, 95% CI [1.18 to 1.30]). While the meta-analysis identified a moderate amount of heterogeneity between studies ( I 2 = 75%), this appears to have primarily been driven by a single study by Wu et al, which reported men diagnosed with melanoma had 73% lower risk of subsequent PC diagnosis compared to the general male population (SIR = 0.270, 95% CI [0.127 to 0.573]) [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have investigated the association between melanoma and subsequent risk of various internal cancers such as prostate cancer [ 8 – 10 ]. A recent systematic review of 17 studies, found that men diagnosed with melanoma were at subsequent higher risk of PC diagnosis than men in general [ 11 ]. Its findings, however, do not make clear whether melanoma is a true risk factor for PC or whether detection bias due to increased medical surveillance following a melanoma diagnosis is responsible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous melanoma, prostate-specific antigen testing and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer diagnosis: a prospective analysis of the 45 and Up Study

et al. 2022

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Background The association between cutaneous melanoma and subsequent risk of prostate cancer (PC) was examined in a large population-based cohort study. Methods Male participants in the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study (Australia) were recruited between 2006 and 2009. Questionnaire data and linked administrative health data from the Centre for Health Record Linkage and Services Australia identified melanomas diagnosed between 1/1/1994 and 12 months before Study recruitment (i.e., between 2005 and 2008), incident PCs, primary healthcare utilisation and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests. Men were excluded from the current analyses if they had a recorded PC or other cancer diagnosis other than melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer prior to recruitment. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for PSA-testing frequency before PC diagnosis. Results Of 96,548 eligible men, 1899 were diagnosed with melanoma during the melanoma diagnosis period and 3677 incident PC diagnosed during follow-up (latest date 31/12/2013). Men with melanoma diagnosis had increased risk of a subsequent PC diagnoses (vs. no melanoma; fully adjusted HR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.09–1.60). There was weak evidence of higher risks of a subsequent PC diagnosis for men diagnosed with more than one melanoma compared to men diagnosed with only one melanoma (p = 0.077), and if first melanoma diagnosis was 10 to 15 years before Study recruitment (fully adjusted HR = 2.05; 95% CI [1.35, 3.12]). Conclusion Melanoma diagnosis was associated with increased risk of subsequent PC diagnosis, after adjusting for PSA testing and primary healthcare utilisation. While our ability to adjust for PC screening reduced risk of detection bias, we acknowledge that residual confounding from increased medical surveillance after melanoma diagnoses cannot be entirely ruled out.

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Common skin cancers and their association with other non-cutaneous primary malignancies: a review of the literature

Holic

2024

Med Oncol

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Prostate cancer risk in patients with melanoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Association of cutaneous melanoma with subsequent non-cutaneous malignancies - Who is at the Greatest Risk?

Association of cutaneous melanoma with subsequent non-cutaneous malignancies - Who is at the Greatest Risk?

Cutaneous melanoma, prostate-specific antigen testing and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer diagnosis: a prospective analysis of the 45 and Up Study

Common skin cancers and their association with other non-cutaneous primary malignancies: a review of the literature

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