Protamine 3 expressions in crossbred bull spermatozoa may not be a prognostic marker for differentiating good and poor quality semen

Kumar, Sushil; Singh, Umesh; Ganguly, Indrajit; Deb, Rajib; Singh, Rani; Mann, Sandeep; Sengar, Gyanendra Singh; Mandal, D. K.; Kumar, Mahesh; Sharma, Arjava

doi:10.5897/ajb2013.13535

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As a result, PRM organizes sperm DNA optimally to promote chromatin condensation, which preserves the parental genome's genetic integrity from nuclease enzymes, mutagens, and other stimuli that can damage DNA [8]. PRM is divided into PRM1 and PRM2 [8], even though PRM3 has been reported in the past [10]. PRM1 is the most common PRM variant, and it is essential to the proper functioning of bovine sperm [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm Head Morphology Alterations Associated with Chromatin Instability and Lack of Protamine Abundance in Frozen-Thawed Sperm of Indonesian Local Bulls

Kusumawati

Satrio

Indriastuti³

et al. 2023

Animals

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This study aimed to analyze various alterations in the morphology of the sperm head and its association with nucleus instability and insufficient sperm protamine. Frozen-thawed semen from twenty local Indonesian bulls was used for all stages in this study. The results of sperm head defect assessments are used for bull grouping, high (HD) and low (LD). Sperm DNA damage was assessed using Acridine Orange and Halomax. The PRM1 protein abundance was carried out using an enzyme immunoassay, while PRM1 gene expression was carried out using the RT-qPCR. PRM deficiency was performed using CMA3. Several kinds of sperm head defects in the HD were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the LD bulls. Sperm DNA damage showed a significant (p < 0.05) difference between the HD and LD bulls. PRM1 abundance was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in HD bulls. PRM deficiency was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in HD bulls than in LD bulls. PRM deficiency in bulls correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with sperm head defects, DNA damage, and PRM1 abundance. The lack of sperm protamine might affect the sperm nucleus’s stability and induce morphological alterations in the sperm head.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm Head Morphology Alterations Associated with Chromatin Instability and Lack of Protamine Abundance in Frozen-Thawed Sperm of Indonesian Local Bulls

Kusumawati

Satrio

Indriastuti³

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…[4,5] Protamine 1 (PRM1), Protamine 2 (PRM2), and Protamine 3 (PRM3) are reported in mammals. [6] Among these, PRM1 and PRM2 have been studied extensively. In bull, ram, and buck spermatozoa, PRM2 mRNA is present but not PRM2 protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of sperm protamine on semen quality and fertility

Elango

Kumaresan

Raval

et al. 2022

JRHM

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Protamines are the nuclear proteins essential for chromatin compaction during spermatogenesis. During chromatin compaction, histones are replaced by transition proteins, which are then replaced by protamines. This process is essential for DNA stability. Protamines are rapidly evolved proteins with high evolutionary variation and encompass positively charged amino acids, especially 48% of arginine. Cysteines present in their sequence allow the formation of disulfide bonds between adjacent protamine molecules. Protamine 1 (PRM1), Protamine 2 (PRM2), and Protamine 3 (PRM3) are reported in mammals. Among these, PRM1 and PRM2 were extensively studied. The normal PRM1 and PRM2 ratios in men, stallions, and mice are 1:1, 3:1, and 1:2, respectively. However, in infertile males, the PRM1: PRM2 ratio is altered due to decreased PRM2 expression, which, in turn, is due to incomplete PRM2 precursor processing and zinc deficiency. In bull, ram, and buck, PRM2 mRNA is present but not PRM2 protein. In mice, rats, bulls, and men, the protamine cluster contains an open reading frame called protamine 3 (gene-4 or protamine-3). The proportion of protamine deficient sperm in the sample is indicative of problems in protamination. Recently, omics technologies, RT-qPCR, and gene knockout-based studies also reported the presence of protamine in sperm. All these semen quality and knockout studies envisage that protamines are indispensable for fertility. Henceforth, protamine-like biomolecules also may be evaluated for fertility prediction or markers in addition to the existing structural and functional attributes of sperm.

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Molecular markers, BM1500 and UMN2008, are associated with post-thaw motility of bull sperm

Alyethodi

Deb

Alex

et al. 2016

Animal Reproduction Science

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Protamine 3 expressions in crossbred bull spermatozoa may not be a prognostic marker for differentiating good and poor quality semen

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Sperm Head Morphology Alterations Associated with Chromatin Instability and Lack of Protamine Abundance in Frozen-Thawed Sperm of Indonesian Local Bulls

Sperm Head Morphology Alterations Associated with Chromatin Instability and Lack of Protamine Abundance in Frozen-Thawed Sperm of Indonesian Local Bulls

Impact of sperm protamine on semen quality and fertility

Molecular markers, BM1500 and UMN2008, are associated with post-thaw motility of bull sperm

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