Protamine

Nanoarchitectonics of Layer-by-Layer (LbL) coated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for Enzyme-Triggered charge reversal

“…Protamine is a low molecular weight positively charged protein referring to the guanidino and amino groups of the arginine and lysine amino acids, respectively, which are abundant in the protein structure. This structure has a pKa value in the range of 9.2-13.3 providing an ionised state at physiological pH for coating anionic core NLCs [26]. In order to obtain a negative surface charge for a proper attachment of protamine, SDC was incorporated into the surface of core NLCs [27] and enabled a negative surface charge of core NLCs as shown in Table 2.…”