Protease‐dependent excitation of nodose ganglion neurons by commensal gut bacteria

Pradhananga, Sabindra; Tashtush, Ayssar A.; Allen‐Vercoe, Emma; Petrof, Elaine O.; Lomax, Alan E.

doi:10.1113/jp279075

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Future studies are needed to start teasing apart these complexities, while also integrating the gut microbiota and metabolites into the picture. For instance, while the gut microbiota can impact EECs, it is plausible that vagal afferents themselves can be impacted by bacterial metabolites 165 .…”

Section: New Avenues For Research and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolic impact of small intestinal nutrient sensing

et al. 2021

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The gastrointestinal tract maintains energy and glucose homeostasis, in part through nutrient-sensing and subsequent signaling to the brain and other tissues. In this review, we highlight the role of small intestinal nutrient-sensing in metabolic homeostasis, and link high-fat feeding, obesity, and diabetes with perturbations in these gut-brain signaling pathways. We identify how lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, initiate gut peptide release from the enteroendocrine cells through small intestinal sensing pathways, and how these peptides regulate food intake, glucose tolerance, and hepatic glucose production. Lastly, we highlight how the gut microbiota impact small intestinal nutrient-sensing in normal physiology, and in disease, pharmacological and surgical settings. Emerging evidence indicates that the molecular mechanisms of small intestinal nutrient sensing in metabolic homeostasis have physiological and pathological impact as well as therapeutic potential in obesity and diabetes.

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Section: New Avenues For Research and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolic impact of small intestinal nutrient sensing

et al. 2021

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“…Butyrate producers such as Faecalibacterium sp. have an anti-inflammatory impact on the GI tract, and F. prausnitzii is a source of serine protease that was shown to have anti-nociceptive activity by decreasing the excitability of dorsal root ganglia neurons [ 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 ]. Unknown IBS pathophysiology led to the creation of the term ‘psychobiotics’, referring to probiotics and bacterial metabolites that signal directly to the brain.…”

Section: Visceral Pain Peripheral Mechanisms Of Pain Regulation and Ibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Human Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Pain

Ustianowska

Ustianowski

Machaj

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Understanding of the gut microbiome’s role in human physiology developed rapidly in recent years. Moreover, any alteration of this microenvironment could lead to a pathophysiological reaction of numerous organs. It results from the bidirectional communication of the gastrointestinal tract with the central nervous system, called the gut–brain axis. The signals in the gut–brain axis are mediated by immunological, hormonal, and neural pathways. However, it is also influenced by microorganisms in the gut. The disturbances in the gut–brain axis are associated with gastrointestinal syndromes, but recently their role in the development of different types of pain was reported. The gut microbiome could be the factor in the central sensitization of chronic pain by regulating microglia, astrocytes, and immune cells. Dysbiosis could lead to incorrect immune responses, resulting in the development of inflammatory pain such as endometriosis. Furthermore, chronic visceral pain, associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders, could result from a disruption in the gut microenvironment. Any alteration in the gut–brain axis could also trigger migraine attacks by affecting cytokine expression. Understanding the gut microbiome’s role in pain pathophysiology leads to the development of analgetic therapies targeting microorganisms. Probiotics, FODMAP diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation are reported to be beneficial in treating visceral pain.

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“…Although the mechanisms are unknown, vagal sensory neurons distinguish bacterial signals and transmit information to the brain by activating different brain nuclei and generating opposite effects on behavior. Evidence has demonstrated that ex vivo exposure of a colon section to peptidoglycan (main cell wall component of gram-positive bacteria) but not lipopolysaccharide (LPS, main cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria) evoked firing of vagal nerve endings [ 65 , 66 ] and excited vagal sensory neurons through the PAR-2 and TLR-4 receptors, respectively [ 63 ].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota-central Nervous System-immune System Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A Personalized Therapeutic Approach for Crohn’s and Other Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Cirillo

Negrete-Diaz

Yucumá

et al. 2022

Cells

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Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are incurable autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. There is increasing evidence that inappropriate interaction between the enteric nervous system and central nervous system and/or low activity of the vagus nerve, which connects the enteric and central nervous systems, could play a crucial role in their pathogenesis. Therefore, it has been suggested that appropriate neuroprosthetic stimulation of the vagus nerve could lead to the modulation of the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and consequent long-term control of these autoimmune diseases. In the present paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of (1) the cellular and molecular bases of the immune system, (2) the way central and enteric nervous systems interact and contribute to the immune responses, (3) the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel disease, and (4) the therapeutic use of vagus nerve stimulation, and in particular, the transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Then, we expose the working hypotheses for the modulation of the molecular processes that are responsible for intestinal inflammation in autoimmune diseases and the way we could develop personalized neuroprosthetic therapeutic devices and procedures in favor of the patients.

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Protease‐dependent excitation of nodose ganglion neurons by commensal gut bacteria

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

The metabolic impact of small intestinal nutrient sensing

The metabolic impact of small intestinal nutrient sensing

The Role of the Human Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Pain

Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A Personalized Therapeutic Approach for Crohn’s and Other Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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