Based on GDP in 2019, processed from a database available at https://data.aseanstats.org/indicator/AST.STC.TBL.5. The top three countries are Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines with 35.4%, 17.2% and 11.9% of the value respectively. 2 There are 86 digital financial companies, 158 fintech lending companies, 51 e-payment companies, six e-signature companies, and 329 e-commerce member companies registered with the Financial Service Authority, the central Bank, the Ministry of Communication and Informatics, and the Indonesian E-commerce Association (idEA) as of August 2020 (OJK, 2020a; OJK, 2020b; BI, 2020; MOCI, 2020a; idEA, 2020). 3 Daily deals are e-commerce companies that offer discount vouchers valid within a certain time period. 4 Directory is a platform providing links related to specific information, for example product prices.