Protection against bovine respiratory syncytial virus in calves vaccinated with adjuvanted modified live vaccine administered in the face of maternal antibody

Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Serum and Serum-Extracellular Vesicles of Bos taurus Reveal Immune, Anti-Pathogenic, Anti-Viral, Metabolic and Cancer-Related Pathways for Deimination

“…IgA production in the gut mucosa plays major roles in maintaining the integrity of the mucosa and is therefore imperative for the host's homeostasis and survival [154]. IgA is also produced in the BALT of the respiratory mucosal system [154] and is therefore important in defences against respiratory infections, including viral infections and this has also been identified in cattle bovine respiratory syncytial virus [155]. Deimination has been related to mucosal immunity in teleost fish, including in response to bacterial immune challenge and in EVs mediated mucosal immunity [15,16].…”

Bovine Respiratory Disease Vaccination Against Viral Pathogens

“…Maternally derived antibodies affected immune response and clinical protection offered by parenteral MLV vaccination in calves subsequently challenged with BRSV in one study 9 ; in contrast, maternal immunity had no effect in calves vaccinated parenterally with an adjuvanted MLV BRSV vaccine and subsequently challenged with BRSV in another study. 63 Similarly, calves vaccinated IFOMA with a parenteral MLV BVDV vaccine and subsequently challenged with a homologous BVDV strain were protected against clinical disease. 9,56,62 Regardless of the level of MA, IN and parenteral vaccination of dairy calves against BRSV resulted in clinical protection when experimental challenge occurred less than 4 months of vaccination.…”

“…Seventeen studies evaluated the effect of vaccination of young dairy calves in the presence of different levels of MA with MLV (14 studies) or KV vaccines (3 studies) on reduction of BRD-associated morbidity and mortality after experimental inoculation with respiratory viruses. [9][10][11][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] In all studies, calves were vaccinated between 3 days and 4.5 months of age. Experimental inoculation with respiratory viruses occurred between 5 days and 9 months after vaccination.…”

“…9,56,62 Regardless of the level of MA, IN and parenteral vaccination of dairy calves against BRSV resulted in clinical protection when experimental challenge occurred less than 4 months of vaccination. 52,53,63 There is strong, high-quality evidence that both intranasal and parenteral vaccination of young dairy calves with MLV vaccines result in similar reduction of BRD-associated morbidity and mortality after experimental challenge with respiratory viruses.…”

Mucosal Immune System of Cattle

“…53 Work in our laboratory has demonstrated mucosal immunity following parenteral vaccination in the face of maternal immunity, which generated bovine respiratory syncytial virus-specific mucosal IgA that protected against bovine respiratory syncytial virus disease. 54 Intranasal vaccines have been used because of the high concentration of lymphoid tissue in the NALT, 42 the induction of a rapid interferon response, 55 the induction of immunity against bovine respiratory disease pathogens, 28 and the lack of interference from maternal antibodies. 56 Induction of the NALT also has implications for induction of other mucosal sites as a result of the common mucosal response (see Figs.…”