Protection Conferred by Neonatal Rotavirus Infection against Subsequent Rotavirus Diarrhea

Bhan, Maharaj Kishan; Lew, Judy; Sazawal, Sunil; Das, Bimal Kumar; Gentsch, Jon R.; Glass, Roger I.

doi:10.1093/infdis/168.2.282

Cited by 179 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A baixa incidência da infecção sintomática por esse patógeno, durante os 5 primeiros meses de vida, deve-se provavelmente à presença, na mucosa intestinal, de anticorpos da classe IgA, transferidos passivamente da mãe para o filho através do leite materno, tendo em vista que a amamentação dessas crianças dura em média 3 a 4 meses. A presença desses anticorpos na mucosa intestinal das crianças nessa fase da vida parece oferecer uma certa proteção, ainda que parcial, contra a infecção por rotavírus, fazendo com que essas crianças não se infectem por esse patógeno, ou tenham a infecção na forma assintomática 2,10,18 . ApósNesse estudo, foi encontrada uma prevalência de 7,9% da infecção por rotavírus em crianças com episódio de diarréia aguda, se consideramos todas as crianças pesquisadas, abrangendo a faixa etária de 1 mês a 10 anos; e de 12,8% se considerarmos apenas as crianças da faixa etária de 1 a 24 meses de vida.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Rotavirus detection in feces of children with acute diarrhea

Sm²,

Jc³

et al. 2000

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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ResumoObjetivo: Determinar a prevalência da infecção por rotavírus em um grupo de crianças da cidade de Natal-RN, Brasil, que apresentavam diarréia aguda e verificar a existência ou não de distribuição sazonal da infecção por esses patógenos em nosso meio.Métodos: Foram analisadas amostras fecais de 1.903 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idades variando de 1 mês a 10 anos, residentes na cidade de Natal-RN, que apresentavam episódio de diarréia aguda, no período de janeiro de 1996 a dezembro de 1998. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa de partículas virais diretamente nas fezes, através de uma reação de aglutinação passiva, empregando-se partículas de látex cobertas com anticorpos monoclonais grupo-específico anti-rotavírus.Resultados: Na população estudada, 151 crianças (7,9%) apresentaram reação positiva para a presença de partículas de rotavírus nas fezes. Considerando-se, no entanto, apenas as crianças mais suscetíveis à infecção por esse grupo de vírus, que compreende a faixa etária de 1 a 24 meses de vida, constatou-se que, de um total de 1.065 crianças examinadas, 136 (12,8%) apresentaram reação positiva para rotavírus, sendo que 96,3% tinham entre 6 e 24 meses de vida. A distribuição pelos meses do ano, dos casos de diarréia aguda de crianças que apresentaram rotavírus nas fezes revelou que a incidência da infecção por esses patógenos foi maior nos meses de julho, agosto e setembro, nos três anos estudados.Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que os rotavírus têm participação importante na etiologia da diarréia aguda em nosso meio, e que a maioria dos casos da infecção, por esses patógenos, ocorre durante os dois primeiros anos de vida, atingindo principalmente as crianças na faixa etária de 6 a 24 meses e com uma maior prevalência nos meses de julho, agosto e setembro. J. pediatr. (Rio J.). 2000; 76(4):300-304: prevalência rotavírus, diarréia, gastroenterite. AbstractObjective: To determine the prevalence of rotavirus in the etiology of acute diarrhea in children from Natal city, RN, Brazil and investigate the existence or not of a seasonal distribution of this pathogen in our environment.Methods: Fecal samples from 1,903 children (boys and girls) with ages ranging from 1 month to 10 years, living in Natal-RN, who presented acute diarrhea episodes in a period from January 1996 to December 1998, were analyzed. We searched viral particles directly in the feces by a passive agglutination reaction using anti-rotavirus specific-group monoclonal antibodies coated latex particles.Results: 151 children (7.9%) of the studied population presented a positive reaction, revealing the presence of rotavirus particles in feces. Considering, however, only the children (ages from 1 to 24 months) who are more susceptible to rotavirus infection, we verified that from 1,065 examined children, 136 of them (12.8%) presented positive reaction for rotavirus, and the great majority of all children with positive reaction (96.3%) had ages ranging from 6 to 24 months. Analysis of the distribution of the cases of rotavirus infection in the...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Rotavirus detection in feces of children with acute diarrhea

Sm²,

Jc³

et al. 2000

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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“…The [Bishop et al, 1983;Bhan et al, 1993], without the related life threatening symptoms. Large scale randomized, double blind and placebo-controlled studies for both vaccines have demonstrated high vaccine efficacy, a reduction in the rate of severe gastroenteritis episodes and no side effects [RuizPalacios et al, 2006;Vesikari et al, 2006].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detection and molecular characterization of human G12 genotypes in South Africa

Page

Beer

Seheri

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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The last decade has seen an increase in the detection of rotavirus strains other than G1–G4 emerging or even predominating in some settings. The performance of the current rotavirus vaccines against unusual or rare circulating rotavirus serotypes cannot be predicted and continuous monitoring of wild type rotaviruses will remain a priority. Routine molecular rotavirus surveillance conducted in the Gauteng Province, South Africa during 2004, resulted in the detection of strains that could not typed using standard G specific genotyping primers. Sequencing of the first round amplicons revealed 19 serotype G12P[6] strains and one G12P[8] strain. Phylogenetic analyses of the G12 strains indicated that these strains are probably a recent introduction into South Africa and emerged from a strain related to the Indian isolate ISO‐5. The association of the South African G12s with the P[6] genotype may suggest a mechanism for unusual strains to become more ecologically suited to local population transmission dynamics. This is the first report of serotype G12 strains on the African continent and continued surveillance will be required to track the emergence of G12 strains in Africa. J. Med. Virol. 81:106–113, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…Asymptomatic infection of newborns has also been shown to reduce the likelihood of developing severe RV-A-gastroenteritis during childhood (Bishop et al 1983, Bhan et al 1993. Surveys carried out in Mexico show that protection increases with successive reinfections and that surveyed children did not develop RV-A gastroenteritis after two RV-A infections (Velazquez et al 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although the immune response to RV-A is not the focus of this paper, we identified multiple studies that aimed to characterize RV-A genotypes responsible for sequential RV-A infections. More specifically, we identified 12 prospective cohort surveys carried out in 10 countries (Fontayne et al 1978, Gurwith et al 1981, Bishop et al 1983, Friedman et al 1988, Georges-Courbot et al 1988, Linhares et al 1988, Reves et al 1989, Bernstein et al 1991, Bhan et al 1993, Ward & Bernstein 1994, Velázquez et al 1996, Moulton et al 1998. Altogether, these studies included 2,031 infants, aged 1-24 months, who were followed for periods varying from 12-36 months.…”

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confidence: 99%

Group A rotavirus genotypes and the ongoing Brazilian experience: a review

Leite

Carvalho-Costa

Linhares

2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

102

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Brazil was the first Latin American country to introduce universal group A rotavirus (RV-A) vaccination in March 2006, resulting in a unique epidemiological scenario. Since RV-A first identification in Brazil, 2,691 RV-A-positive stool samples, collected between 1982- 2007, were typed by independent research groups throughout the country. In the pre-vaccination era, 2,492 RV-A-positive samples collected from 1982-2005 were successfully typed, while 199 samples were analyzed from 2006-2007. According to the reviewed studies, there were two important times in the pre-vaccination era: (i) the period from 1982-1995, during which the detection of G5P[8] RV-A, in addition to the classical genotypes G1-4, challenged vaccine development programs; and (ii) the period from 1996-2005, during which genotype G9P[8] emerged, following a global trend. The rate of G2P[4] RV-A detection decreased from 26% (173/653) during 1982-1995 to 2% (43/1,839) during 1996-2005. The overall detection rate of RV-A genotypes from 1982-2005 was as follows: 43% (n = 1,079) G1P[8]/G1P[not typed (NT)]; 20% (n = 488) G9P[8]/G9P[NT]; 9% (n = 216) G2P[4]/G2P[NT]; 6% (n = 151) G3P[8]/G3P[NT]; 4% (n = 103) G4P[8]/G4P[NT]; and 4% (n = 94) G5P[8]/G5P[NT]. Mixed infections accounted for 189 (7%) of the positive samples, while atypical G/P combinations or other genotypes, including G6, G8, G10 and G12, were identified in 172 (7%) samples. The initial surveillance studies carried out in several Brazilian states with RV-A-positive samples collected in 2006 and 2007 show a predominance of G2P[4] strains (148/199 or 74%). Herein, we review RV-A typing studies carried out since the 1980s in Brazil, highlighting the dynamics of RV-A strain circulation profiles before and early after universal use of RV-A vaccine in Brazil

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Protection Conferred by Neonatal Rotavirus Infection against Subsequent Rotavirus Diarrhea

Cited by 179 publications

References 20 publications

Rotavirus detection in feces of children with acute diarrhea

Rotavirus detection in feces of children with acute diarrhea

The detection and molecular characterization of human G12 genotypes in South Africa

Group A rotavirus genotypes and the ongoing Brazilian experience: a review

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