“…The 1962 Consumer Bill of Rights in the United States guaranteed every citizen four basic rights: the right to safety, the right to be informed, the right to choose and the right to be heard (Buskirk and Rothe, 1970). Meanwhile, France saw the creation of the cooperative movement (Gide, 1898(Gide, /1931 and the Ligue sociale d'acheteurs (Chessel, 2012(Chessel, , 2016. Under the Marshall Plan, reconstruction led to the emergence of the main bodies representing and defending consumers (Chatriot, 2004).…”