Protection From Fire: Nonflammable Fabrics and Coatings*

Flame resistant textiles for structural and proximity fire fighting

“…The environmental conditions in a fi re situation can be identifi ed as routine, hazardous, or emergency (Abbott and Schulmann, 1976;Hoschke, 1981;Foster and Roberts, 1995;Barker, 2005;Donnelly et al ., 2006). A fi refi ghter might arrive at a fi re scene during any of the various stages of fi re development, from initial burning to post fl ashover decay (Lawson, 2009).…”

“…The main thermal hazards during fi refi ghting are different forms and intensities of heat and fl ame. Routine conditions are applicable to fi refi ghters who are operating hoses or extinguishing fi res from a distance where the air temperature is lower than 100 ° C and thermal radiation is less than 4 kW/m 2 (Abbott and Schulmann, 1976;Foster and Roberts, 1995). The range of the air temperature under hazardous conditions is 100-300 ° C and thermal radiation is between 4.0 and 25 kW/m 2 (Abbott and Schulmann, 1976;Foster and Roberts, 1995;Donnelly et al ., 2006).…”

“…Routine conditions are applicable to fi refi ghters who are operating hoses or extinguishing fi res from a distance where the air temperature is lower than 100 ° C and thermal radiation is less than 4 kW/m 2 (Abbott and Schulmann, 1976;Foster and Roberts, 1995). The range of the air temperature under hazardous conditions is 100-300 ° C and thermal radiation is between 4.0 and 25 kW/m 2 (Abbott and Schulmann, 1976;Foster and Roberts, 1995;Donnelly et al ., 2006). Emergency conditions might be encountered during fl ashover of a large building fi re where the air temperature is in the range of 300-1100 ° C, and the total heat fl ux is 25-208 kW/m 2 (Abbott and Schulmann, 1976;Donnelly et al ., 2006).…”

Tactile Comfort Properties of Thermal Protective Clothing in Static State

“…Many of researches for thermal protective clothing were focused on heat protective performances [4][5][6][7][8][9] and thermal comfort properties [10][11][12]. Thermal protective clothing has tended to be evaluated by the effectiveness of its heat-resistance ability.…”

Flammability Measurement and Thermal Aging of Chemical Protective Suit Materials.

“…At the same time, the suits must not spontaneously ignite when contacted by a flame source, and the garment material itself should be self-extinguishing [1]. Other field requirements are that the protective suit should withstand contact with a hot surface and should retain physical properties and chemical resistance through storage in hot environments.…”