Protection of ischemic hippocampal neurons by ginsenoside Rb1, a main ingredient of ginseng root

Lim, Jung-Dae; Wen, Tong-Chun; Matsuda, Seiji; Tanaka, Junya; Maeda, Nobuji; Peng, Hui; Aburaya, Junko; Ishihara, Ken; Sakanaka, Masahiro

doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(97)00041-2

Cited by 187 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Lipophic fraction from red P ginseng inhibits platelet aggregation [40] . P ginseng Rb1, Re [41][42][43][44] , and Rg1 [29] enhance recovery of the brain, heart and other ischemia injury to organs. Effects on immune system, inflammation and allergy Inflammation is the response to infections, antibodies, chemical or physical injuries.…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the pharmacological effects ofPanax ginsengandPanax quinquefolium

Chen¹,

Chiou²,

Zhang

2008

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

232

139

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Medical application of Panax ginseng was first found in "Shen-Nong Herbal Classic" around 200 AD Panax quinquefolium was first introduced in "Essential of Materia Medica" in 1694 in China. The most important bioactive components contained in P ginseng and P quinquefolium are ginseng saponins (GS). The contents of ginsenoside Rb1, Re, and Rd in P quinquefolium are higher than they are in P ginseng. In P ginseng, the contents of Rg1,Rb2, and Rc are higher than they are in P quinquefolium. P ginseng had a higher ratio of Rg1: Rb1, and which was lower in P quinquefolium. After steaming for several hours, the total GS will decrease. However, some ginsenosides (Rg2, 20R-Rg2, Rg3, Rh1 and Rh2) increase, while others (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1) decrease. However, variation, especially in P quinquefolium, is high. P ginseng and P quinquefolium are general tonics and adaptogens. Rg1 and Rb1 enhance central nervous system (CNS) activities, but the effect of the latter is weaker. Thus, for the higher contents of Rg1, P ginseng is a stimulant, whereas the Rb1 contents of P quinquefolium are mainly calming to the CNS. Re, Rg1, panaxan A and B from P ginseng are good for diabetes. Re and Rg1 enhance angiogenesis, whereas Rb1, Rg3 and Rh2 inhibit it. Rh2, an antitumor agent, can be obtained from Rb1 by steaming. The content of Re in P quinquefolium are higher than in P ginseng by 3-4 times. The vasorelax, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and angiogenic effects of Re are reported. Thus, for the CNS "hot," wound healing and hypoglycemic effects, P ginseng is better than P quinquefolium. For anticancer effects, P quinquefolium is better.

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Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the pharmacological effects ofPanax ginsengandPanax quinquefolium

Chen¹,

Chiou²,

Zhang

2008

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

232

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Lim et al (1997) demonstraram que a administração intracerebroventricular do ginsenosídeo R b1 protegeu neurônios hipocampais (CA1) contra o dano letal isquêmico, provavelmente através de uma atividade seqüestradora de radicais livres. Em ensaio in vitro, os ginsenosídeos R b1 e R g1 protegeram neurônios da medula espinhal contra a excitotoxicidade induzida por glutamato e ácido caínico, bem como do estresse oxidativo provocado por peróxido de hidrogênio (Liao et al, 2002).…”

Section: Triterpenóides Ginsenosídeosunclassified

Terpenóides com atividade sobre o Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC)

Passos¹,

Arbo²,

Rates³

et al. 2009

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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RESUMO:Os terpenóides constituem um vasto grupo de metabólitos secundários com ações sobre o SNC, destacando-se suas atividades sedativa, ansiolítica, antinociceptiva, anticonvulsivante, pró-convulsivante e alucinógena. Neste trabalho foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre terpenóides com ações descritas no SNC, enfocando moléculas e sistemas neurotransmissores relacionados com sua atividade. As substâncias abordadas encontram-se divididas em mono, sesqui, di, tri e meroterpenóides e incluem compostos isolados e plantas que apresentam ação principalmente sobre os sistemas neurotransmissores GABAérgico, glutamatérgico, dopaminérgico e opióide.Unitermos: Terpenóides, sistema nervoso central, neurotransmissores.ABSTRACT: "Terpenoids with activity in the Central Nervous System (CNS)". The terpenoids are a large group of secondary metabolites which display many activities in the CNS, such as sedative, ansiolytic, antinociceptive, anticonvulsant, pro-convulsant and hallucinogenic. In this work we performed a research on terpenoids that exert effects on the CNS, focusing molecules and neurotransmitter systems related to their actions. The substances approached were classified as mono, sesqui, di, tri and meroterpenoids and include isolated compounds and plants which exert activities mainly on GABAergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic and opioid neurotransmitter systems.

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“…It was reported that ginsenoside Rb and Rc exhibited a sedative effect, whereas ginsenoside Rg showed stimulatory actions on the central nervous system (CNS) (Saito et al, 1974). Rb 1 is the most abundant ginsenoside in P. ginseng, and reportedly, it has a neuroprotective effect against ischemia (Lim et al, 1997), glutamate neurotoxicity (Radad et al, 2004), and seizures (Lian et al, 2005). Rg 3 is well known as a potent ginsenoside which has a neuroprotective effect and an anti-stress effect in fermented red-ginseng (Bae et al, 2004B).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenoside Rb₁,Rg₃, and Panax ginseng Head Butanol Fraction on Inflammatory Mediators from LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

Lee¹,

Jeong²

2008

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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− Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer (Araliaceae, P. ginseng) has been used for the enhancement of vascular and immune functions in Korea and Japan for a long time. Ginsenoside Rb 1 and Rg 3 isolated from P. ginseng head-part butanolic extract (PGHB) were investigated for anti-inflammatory activity. Ginsenosides and PGHB did not affect the cell viability within 0 -100 µg/ml concentration to RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Ginsenosides and PGHB inhibited partly lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production in a dosedependent manner. The ginsenosides and PGHB showed partially chemical nitric oxide (NO) quenching (maximum 40%) in the cell-free system. Also, ginsenoside Rb 1 and Rg 3 inhibited markedly approximately 74 and 54% of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA transcription from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, the inhibitory effect of ginsenosides and PGHB on NO production did not occur as a result of cell viability, but was caused by both the chemical NO quenching and the regulation of iNOS. Additionally, the ginsenoside Rb 1 and PGHB inhibited prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, showed approximately 70-98% inhibition at 100 µg/ml concentration. And the treatment with ginsenosides and PGHB attenuated partially LPS-upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene transcription. Ginsenoside Rg 3 suppressed LPS-stimulated interleukin-6 (IL-6) level to the basal in RAW 264.7 cells. From these results, ginsenoside Rb 1 , Rg 3 , and PGHB may be useful for the relief and retardation of immunological inflammatory responses and its action may occur through the reduction of inflammatory mediators, including NO, PGE 2 , and IL-6 production.

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Protection of ischemic hippocampal neurons by ginsenoside Rb1, a main ingredient of ginseng root

Cited by 187 publications

References 34 publications

Comparison of the pharmacological effects ofPanax ginsengandPanax quinquefolium

Comparison of the pharmacological effects ofPanax ginsengandPanax quinquefolium

Terpenóides com atividade sobre o Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC)

Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenoside Rb₁,Rg₃, and Panax ginseng Head Butanol Fraction on Inflammatory Mediators from LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

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Protection of ischemic hippocampal neurons by ginsenoside Rb1, a main ingredient of ginseng root

Cited by 187 publications

References 34 publications

Comparison of the pharmacological effects ofPanax ginsengandPanax quinquefolium

Comparison of the pharmacological effects ofPanax ginsengandPanax quinquefolium

Terpenóides com atividade sobre o Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC)

Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1,Rg3, and Panax ginseng Head Butanol Fraction on Inflammatory Mediators from LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

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Product

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About

Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenoside Rb₁,Rg₃, and Panax ginseng Head Butanol Fraction on Inflammatory Mediators from LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells