Protection of lyocell against fibrillation. Part 1: Design, synthesis and application of novel crosslinking agents

This review centres on the development of dyeing and finishing technologies for lyocell (TENCEL®) fibres since they were introduced onto the market in 1992. Initially, it will look at the reason for starting manufacture of the fibre and its manufacturing technology. An overview of basic dyeing performance is followed by a critical assessment of the fibre's introduction into the commercial world and the problems that ensued from its fibrillation property. The review then outlines the pioneering process development efforts made in Japan. Dye machinery manufacturers also played an important role in developing processing routes, particularly, but not exclusively, Then, Thies, and Krantz. Courtaulds Tencel formed an alliance with Sir T & A Wardles of Courtaulds Textiles, setting up a project to demonstrate successful jet processing of lyocell fabrics. Investment in jet dyeing machines and personnel was critical: the review explains how it was done and results that were achieved. It also considers how to control fabric behaviour in relation to creasing and fibrillation. The latter phenomenon held the fibre back from knitted applications. Both Courtaulds and Lenzing developed non‐fibrillating versions of the fibres. This review covers these advances, as well as how new markets have been developed for the fibre, such as workwear and bed sheeting. It concludes by looking at the key market segments today and how Lenzing sees the lyocell market evolving.

Section: Comparison Of Tencel® A100 and Lfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling fibrillation – experiences of the dyeing and finishing of lyocell fibres

Taylor

2015

“…using, for example, a trifunctional compound triacrylamido–trihydroxytriazine [31]. During the past decade, extensive further research into potential crosslinking agents has been carried out at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) [32]. Thus, for example, fibrillation can be minimised by treating the fibre with Sandospace R, a colourless dichlorotriazinyl resist agent [33].…”

Section: Research and Development For More Eco‐friendly Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress towards a greener textile industry

Dawson¹

2011

Many of the principles of the relatively new science of Green Chemistry, which aims to use resources efficiently and minimise waste, are applicable in the field of textiles. Improving product quantity and reducing environmental impact in the production and subsequent coloration of textile fibres is a realistic goal. Public interest in organically produced natural fibres has followed on from that in organically grown food, although the market for organic fibres is still relatively small. In recent years, fibre manufacturers have played their part in introducing a number of more ecologically regenerated cellulosic fibres, as well as new totally synthetic polymer fibres based on renewable raw materials. The methods that can be adopted aimed at reducing the environmental impact of fibre, dye manufacture and subsequent coloration processes, are described with particular reference to these newer fibres.

“…Lyocell, the first solvent spun cellulosic fibre made on a commercial scale, has a good all‐round technical profile with the least adverse environmental impact of the family of man‐made cellulosic fibres [1]. However, fibre currently produced has one technical limitation, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, fibre currently produced has one technical limitation, i.e. it displays a propensity to fibrillate in the swollen state [1]. Fibrillation is the splitting of small fibrillar hairs from the fibre surface of wet swollen lyocell when the fibre is subjected to abrasion [2], particularly against metal surfaces, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Part 1 of the study reported the evaluation of a series of novel crosslinking agents for lyocell [1]. One of the novel agents, 4,6‐( p ‐ β ‐sulphatoethylsulphonyl)anilino‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2(1 H )‐one (hydroxy‐XLC; 1 ), when compared on a molar basis to Cibatex AE 4425 ( 2 ; previously used commercially as a pretreatment before dyeing), gave fibre with superior protection to wet abrasion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Protection of lyocell against fibrillation. Part 2: Application of 4,6‐(p‐β‐sulphatoethylsulphonyl)anilino‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2(1H)‐one to lyocell by an exhaust process

Bates

Phillips

Renfrew

et al. 2007

Self Cite

An exhaust application method for 4,6‐(p‐β‐sulphatoethylsulphonyl)anilino‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2(1H)‐one to dried lyocell fibre has been developed. The procedure employs a temperature gradient technique with all of the salt and alkali present at the start. This method gives consistent wet abrasion resistance values with a standard deviation only marginally inferior to Tencel A100. Subsequent dyeing of lyocell fibres, in turn with two reactive dyes, gave build‐up profiles indistinguishable from untreated fibre. The lyocell–agent bonding was stable to high temperature polyester dyeing conditions at pH 6, but unexpectedly showed some instability (as evidenced by a fall in wet abrasion resistance values) when subjected to base‐catalysed reactive dyeing conditions.