Protection of SAL B with H9C2 cells

Abstract

Context: Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is regarded as a potent antidiabetic agent and has been reported to possess cardioprotective effect in vivo. Objective: This study investigated the cardioprotective effects of Sal B on H9c2 cells injury caused by high glucose in vitro, and clarified the possible mechanisms. Materials and methods: Di ferent concentrations of Sal B were incubated with cells for 12 h prior being exposed to high glucose for 24 h. Cardioprotective effects of Sal B were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, ELISA, Hoechst 33258 nucleus staining, and western blot. Results: Following a 24 h exposure of H9c2 to high glucose, obvious reduction was found in cell viability (45%), GSH (54.8 ± 9.4 ng/mg protein), catalase (1.22 ± 0.12 U/mg protein), and GPX level (67.9 ± 9.4 U/mg protein), which were associated with the increases of GSSG (1.99 ± 0.28 ng/mg protein) and ROS (2.00 ± 0.19 RFU/mg protein) production. High glucose also elevated IL-6 (1.8-fold), IL-1b (1.9-fold), and TNF-a (1.6-fold) level, as well as induced cell apoptosis and NF-kB (6.1-fold) activation. However, Sal B (25 and 50 mM) elevated cell viability (28% and 44%), ameliorated oxidative stress (GSH, 1.3-and 1.6-fold; catalase, 1.9-and 2.0-fold; GPX, 1.1-and 1.4-fold; GSSG, 0.9-and 0.8-fold; ROS, 0.6-and 0.5-fold), and inflammatory response (IL-6, 0.9-and 0.7-fold; IL-1b, 0.8-and 0.6-fold; TNF-a, 0.9-and 0.8-fold), and inhibited cell apoptosis and NF-kB (0.5-and 0.2-fold) expression. Conclusion: Sal B attenuated high glucose-induced injury and cytotoxicity through inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production in H9c2 cardiac cells. ARTICLE HISTORY

Salvianolic acid B: In vitro and in vivo effects on the immune system

“…It is frequently found in potentially immunomodulatory substances that are active in vitro, however, its effects do not appear to be translatable to an in vivo system [17]. In the present research, the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of SalB was mediated by a reduction of TNF from macrophages, which is in accordance with the study of Sun et al (2016), who also showed that SalB downregulated TNF secretion [18]. Macrophages also downregulated their NO production after SalB treatment.…”

Salvia miltiorrhizaBurge (Danshen): a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics

“…This anti-apoptotic effect involves the regulation of relevant signaling pathways during myocardial I/R damage, including the PI3K/Aktdependent [287] and SAPK signaling pathways [283] . Additionally, the cardioprotective effects of Sal-B against myocardial I/R injury have also been attributed to its anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory properties [286,288,293] . Moreover, Sal-B suppresses autophagy by upregulating miR-30a to improve cardiomyocyte viability during myocardial I/R damage [285,294] .…”

Overview of Salvia miltiorrhiza as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Various Diseases: An Update on Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action

“…The active components of S. miltiorrhiza are divided into two groups, one of which is water-soluble phenolics including salvianolic acid A (Sal A), salvianolic acid B (Sal B), lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid, and R-(+)-β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid, named danshensu [ 3 ] and the other is lipophilic tanshinones including tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, tanshinone IIB, cryptotanshinone, and dihydrotanshinone I [ 4 ]. Salvianolic acids (including Sal A and Sal B), the most abundant compounds from S. miltiorrhiza , are known to exhibit diverse biological activities such as antioxidant [ 5 ], anti-inflammatory [ 6 ], antithrombotic [ 7 ], and cardioprotective activities [ 8 , 9 ], while tanshinones show antitumor [ 10 ], cardioprotective [ 11 ], neuroprotective and analgesic activities [ 12 ], and so forth.…”