Protection of Skeletal Muscles from Ischemic Injury: Low-Level Laser Therapy Increases Antioxidant Activity

Avni, Dorit; Levkovitz, Sara; Maltz, Lidya; Oron, Uri

doi:10.1089/pho.2005.23.273

Cited by 105 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There are some indications that LLLT can reduce reactive oxygen species release and creatine phosphokinase activity, while levels of antioxidants and heat shock proteins increase. 2,27 In a muscle cell study, LLLT improved mitochondrial function and reversed a dysfunctional state induced by electrical stimulation. 37 Previsage, 18 cryotherapy (cold-water immersion), 17 and electrical stimulation 30 have failed to significantly enhance blood lactate removal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the Development of Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Changes in Biochemical Markers Related to Postexercise Recovery

Leal-Junior¹,

Lopes-Martins²,

Frigo³

et al. 2010

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

174

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investigating the effects of commonly used interventions, such as massage, lowintensity exercises, cryotherapy, hot-cold contrast baths, neuro-muscular electrical stimulation, and stretching, are few, and the results on effectiveness are mixed. 3 The rationale behind the use of these interventions is often related to mechanisms such as reducing postexercise inflammatory responses and the promotion of circulation and local metabolism t BacKgRound: Cell and animal studies have suggested that LLLT can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in muscle tissue. But it remains uncertain whether these findings can translate into humans in sport and exercise situations.t Methods: Nine healthy male volleyball players participated in the study. They received either active LLLT (cluster probe with 5 laser diodes; λ = 810 nm; 200 mW power output; 30 seconds of irradiation, applied in 2 locations over the biceps of the nondominant arm; 60 J of total energy) or placebo LLLT using an identical cluster probe. The intervention or placebo were applied 3 minutes before the performance of exercise. All subjects performed voluntary elbow flexion repetitions with a workload of 75% of their maximal voluntary contraction force until exhaustion.t Results: Active LLLT increased the number of repetitions by 14.5% (mean  SD, 39.6  4.3 versus 34.6  5.6; P = .037) and the elapsed time before exhaustion by 8.0% (P = .034), when compared to the placebo treatment. The biochemical markers also indicated that recovery may be positively affected by LLLT, as indicated by postexercise blood lactate levels (P.01), creatine kinase activity (P = .017), and C-reactive protein levels (P = .047), showing a faster recovery with LLLT application prior to the exercise. t conclusion: We conclude that pre-exercise irradiation of the biceps with an LLLT dose of 6 J per application location, applied in 2 locations, increased endurance for repeated elbow flexion against resistance and decreased postexercise levels of blood lactate, creatine kinase, and Creactive protein.t level oF evidence: Performance enhancement, level 1b.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the Development of Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Changes in Biochemical Markers Related to Postexercise Recovery

Leal-Junior¹,

Lopes-Martins²,

Frigo³

et al. 2010

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

174

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“…Avni et al 43 investigated the cytoprotective effect of laser therapy using an ischemiareperfusion injury (IRI) model in rat gastrocnemius muscle. They showed that laser therapy applied immediately and 1 hour after arterial occlusion blunted the extent of tissue degeneration and improved the antioxidant capacity of injured muscle hours after IRI compared with control muscle.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Phototherapy Enhance Skeletal Muscle Contractile Function and Postexercise Recovery? A Systematic Review

Borsa

Larkin

True

2013

Journal of Athletic Training

109

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Context Recently, researchers have shown that phototherapy administered to skeletal muscle immediately before resistance exercise can enhance contractile function, prevent exercise-induced cell damage, and improve postexercise recovery of strength and function. Objective To critically evaluate original research addressing the ability of phototherapeutic devices, such as lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), to enhance skeletal muscle contractile function, reduce exercise-induced muscle fatigue, and facilitate postexercise recovery. Data Sources We searched the electronic databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, and Rehabilitation & Physical Medicine without date limitations for the following key words: laser therapy, phototherapy, fatigue, exercise, circulation, microcirculation, and photobiomodulation. Study Selection Eligible studies had to be original research published in English as full papers, involve human participants, and receive a minimum score of 7 out of 10 on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Data Extraction Data of interest included elapsed time to fatigue, total number of repetitions to fatigue, total work performed, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (strength), electromyographic activity, and postexercise biomarker levels. We recorded the PEDro scores, beam characteristics, and treatment variables and calculated the therapeutic outcomes and effect sizes for the data sets. Data Synthesis In total, 12 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. However, we excluded data from 2 studies, leaving 32 data sets from 10 studies. Twenty-four of the 32 data sets contained differences between active phototherapy and sham (placebo-control) treatment conditions for the various outcome measures. Exposing skeletal muscle to single-diode and multidiode laser or multidiode LED therapy was shown to positively affect physical performance by delaying the onset of fatigue, reducing the fatigue response, improving postexercise recovery, and protecting cells from exercise-induced damage. Conclusions Phototherapy administered before resistance exercise consistently has been found to provide ergogenic and prophylactic benefits to skeletal muscle.

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“…Activation of genes for adhesion molecules explains Karu's results on increased adhesion to glass of HeLa cells after LLLT [55] and also studies that show increased migration of fibroblasts to "heal" in vitro wounds [56]. The activation of antioxidant genes by NF-kB explains the apparent paradox of LLLT being pro-oxidant in the short term but antioxidant in the long term [57]. The main apparent paradox that remains to be explained is the clear proinflammatory nature of many NF-kB target genes, and the broadly accepted anti-inflammatory of LLLT especially in clinical studies nut also in animal models.…”

Section: Results Of Lllt-mediated Activation Of Nf-kbmentioning

confidence: 91%

Role of reactive oxygen species in low level light therapy

Chen

Huang

Arany

et al. 2009

Mechanisms for Low-Light Therapy IV

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This review will focus on the role of reactive oxygen species in the cellular and tissue effects of low level light therapy (LLLT). Coincidentally with the increase in electron transport and in ATP, there has also been observed by intracellular fluorescent probes and electron spin resonance an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical. ROS scavengers, antioxidants and ROS quenchers block many LLLT processes. It has been proposed that light between 400-500-nm may produce ROS by a photosensitization process involving flavins, while longer wavelengths may directly produce ROS from the mitochondria. Several redox-sensitive transcription factors are known such as NF-kB and AP1, that are able to initiate transcription of genes involved in protective responses to oxidative stress. It may be the case that LLLT can be pro-oxidant in the short-term, but anti-oxidant in the long-term.

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Protection of Skeletal Muscles from Ischemic Injury: Low-Level Laser Therapy Increases Antioxidant Activity

Cited by 105 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the Development of Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Changes in Biochemical Markers Related to Postexercise Recovery

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the Development of Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Fatigue and Changes in Biochemical Markers Related to Postexercise Recovery

Does Phototherapy Enhance Skeletal Muscle Contractile Function and Postexercise Recovery? A Systematic Review

Role of reactive oxygen species in low level light therapy

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