Protection Strategy against Spruce Budworm

MacLean, David A.

doi:10.3390/f10121137

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The eastern spruce budworm (SBW) is the most severe pest of the boreal forest and causes millions of dollars in lost revenue to the Canadian economy during outbreak periods (MacLean, 2019). A key component of outbreak dynamics and spread is dispersal from areas of high SBW density (i.e., areas undergoing an outbreak) to areas of low density (i.e., undergoing endemic dynamics where SBW populations numbers are kept down through low larval survival rates while foliage searching and through the action of predators and parasitoids (Stedinger, 1984)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A key component of outbreak dynamics and spread is dispersal from areas of high SBW density (i.e., areas undergoing an outbreak) to areas of low density (i.e., undergoing endemic dynamics where SBW populations numbers are kept down through low larval survival rates while foliage searching and through the action of predators and parasitoids (Stedinger, 1984)). Spruce budworm moth dispersal has been challenging to monitor and manage, despite major improvements in the understanding of the ecology and pest control strategies of the species (Johns et al, 2019; MacLean, 2019). In this study, we use hydrogen and strontium isotopes to improve an approach currently used to determine migration events, which combines a network of automated traps that record the date and time of capture in discrete blocks, and evidence of local activity and dispersal from radar data, weather patterns and phenological records (see Methods).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we provide an independent validation that the combined use of automated traps, radar monitoring, phenology and weather data is effective at detecting immigration events in SBW, while underscoring the complementarity of using isotopes to validate and enhance the resolution of this trap network. Second, the difficulty in confirming immigration events in SBW means that current approaches to management rely heavily on widespread winter monitoring of larvae at sites with endemic population dynamics, to detect early immigration-driven population increases and to control population growth before it shifts to an outbreak stage (Early Intervention Strategy - Johns et al, 2019; MacLean, 2019). Although this approach is proving to be effective (MacLean et al, 2019), it is also expensive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of up to 90%), over extensive areas of forest (MacLean, 1980). In turn, this impacts forest regeneration and succession dynamics (Bouchard et al, 2007), increases CO 2 emissions (Dymond et al, 2010; MacLean, 2019) and the likelihood of forest fires (James et al, 2017), and costs hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue loss and mitigation efforts (Natural Resources Canada, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing Eastern spruce budworm’s large-scale dispersal events through flight behavior and stable isotope analyses

Dargent

Candau

Studens

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Eastern spruce budworm moth (Choristoneura fumiferana(Clem.)) mass outbreaks have widespread economic and ecological consequences. A key explanation for the large-scale spread and synchronization of these outbreaks is the long-distance dispersal (up to 450km) of moths from hotspots (high-density populations) to lower-density areas. These events have proved difficult to monitor because dispersal flights occur only a few times a year, have no consistent routes, and commonly used tracking methods (e.g., population genetics, mark-recapture, radio telemetry) are inadequate for this system. Distinguishing between local and immigrant individuals is a crucial step in identifying the physical and ecological drivers of moth dispersal. Here we test whether isotopes of hydrogen (i.e., delta notation:δ2H) and strontium (i.e., strontium isotope ratios:87Sr/86Sr), known to independently vary in space in a predictable manner, can be used to distinguish between local and immigrant adult spruce budworm moths. We used an automated pheromone trap system to collect individuals at six different sites in eastern Canada within and outside the current outbreak area of budworm moths. We first use moth flight behaviour and time of capture, currently the best available tool, to determine putative local vs. immigrant status, and then evaluate whether individual87Sr/86Sr andδ2H differ between putative classes. At all sites, we detect immigrant individuals that differ significantly from putative locals. Saliently, sites where putative locals were sampled before the occurrence of potential immigration events (~10 days) showed the strongest differences between immigrant individuals and the locals87Sr/86Sr andδ2H values. Sites where the collection of putative locals was close in time (hours) or following an immigration event had a less-clear distinction between putative immigrants and locals, and showed signs of mixing between these two groups. We speculate that recent immigration could have led to the misclassification of immigrants as putative locals.87Sr/86Sr andδ2H data generally support the adequacy of current approaches using capture-time to detect immigration events, and provide enhanced resolution to distinguish between local and immigrant individuals. We discuss the broader implication of adding isotopes to the toolkit to monitor spruce budworm dispersal and suggest next steps in implementing these tools.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterizing Eastern spruce budworm’s large-scale dispersal events through flight behavior and stable isotope analyses

Dargent

Candau

Studens

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Multiannual defoliation leads to high average tree mortalities (e.g., 85% in balsam fir stands), and growth reduction (e.g., of up to 90%), over extensive areas of forest (Maclean, 1980). In turn, this impacts forest regeneration and succession dynamics (Bouchard et al, 2007), increases CO 2 emissions (Dymond et al, 2010;Maclean, 2019) and the likelihood of forest fires (James et al, 2017), and costs hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue loss and mitigation efforts (Natural Resources Canada, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing eastern spruce budworm’s large-scale dispersal events through flight behavior and stable isotope analyses

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eastern spruce budworm moth (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) mass outbreaks have widespread economic and ecological consequences. A key explanation for the large-scale spread and synchronization of these outbreaks is the long-distance dispersal (up to 450 km) of moths from hotspots (high-density populations) to lower-density areas. These events have proved difficult to monitor because dispersal flights occur only a few times a year, have no consistent routes, and commonly used tracking methods (e.g., population genetics, mark-recapture, radio telemetry) are inadequate for this system. Confirming immigration and distinguishing between local and immigrant individuals are crucial steps in identifying the physical and ecological drivers of moth dispersal. Here, we test whether isotopes of hydrogen (i.e., delta notation: δ2H) and strontium (i.e., strontium isotope ratios: 87Sr/86Sr), known to independently vary in space in a predictable manner, can be used to show that an immigration event occurred and to distinguish between local and immigrant adult spruce budworm moths. We used an automated pheromone trap system to collect individuals at six different sites in eastern Canada within and outside the current outbreak area of budworm moths. We first use moth flight behavior and time of capture, currently the best available tool, to determine putative local vs. immigrant status, and then evaluate whether individual 87Sr/86Sr and δ2H differ between putative classes. At two sites, we detect immigrant individuals that differ significantly from putative locals and thus confirm immigration has occurred. Saliently, sites where putative locals were sampled before the occurrence of potential immigration events (~10 days) showed the strongest differences between immigrant individuals’ and local 87Sr/86Sr and δ2H values. Sites where the collection of putative locals was close in time (hours) or following an immigration event (days) had a less-clear distinction between putative immigrants and locals, and showed signs of mixing between these two groups. We speculate that recent immigration could have led to the misclassification of immigrants as putative locals. 87Sr/86Sr and δ2H data generally support the adequacy of current approaches using capture-time to detect immigration events, and provide enhanced resolution to distinguish between local and immigrant individuals and to confirm an immigration event. We discuss the broader implication of adding isotopes to the toolkit to monitor spruce budworm dispersal and suggest next steps in implementing these tools.

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Modeling weather-driven long-distance dispersal of spruce budworm moths (Choristoneura fumiferana). Part 1: Model description

Garcia

Sturtevant

Saint-Amant

et al. 2022

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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Protection Strategy against Spruce Budworm

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Characterizing Eastern spruce budworm’s large-scale dispersal events through flight behavior and stable isotope analyses

Characterizing Eastern spruce budworm’s large-scale dispersal events through flight behavior and stable isotope analyses

Characterizing eastern spruce budworm’s large-scale dispersal events through flight behavior and stable isotope analyses

Modeling weather-driven long-distance dispersal of spruce budworm moths (Choristoneura fumiferana). Part 1: Model description

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