Protection System Considerations for 400 kV Series Compensated Transmission Lines of the Central Western Network in Venezuela

Castro, Rogelio; Pineda, H.

doi:10.1109/tdcla.2006.311662

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In Venezuela, a protection study was conducted for five series capacitor compensated lines. Three of these were parallel 400 kV lines with 24-26% compensation, and the others were 400 kV with 51% compensation and 765 kV with 44% compensation [49]. Voltage inversion and sub-synchronous oscillation were present in all five lines during fault conditions [49].…”

Section: Implementation Examplesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Three of these were parallel 400 kV lines with 24-26% compensation, and the others were 400 kV with 51% compensation and 765 kV with 44% compensation [49]. Voltage inversion and sub-synchronous oscillation were present in all five lines during fault conditions [49]. It was necessary to replace the existing protection relays in some cases, and in all cases, zone 1 had to be considerably reduced and zone 2 increased.…”

Section: Implementation Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distance Protection of Series Capacitor Compensated Lines: Practical Considerations, Industrial Status and Development

Hoq

Taylor

2021

Electricity

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The introduction of series capacitors in transmission lines causes problems in terms of reliability and the security of distance protection relays. As distance protection is widely used in the transmission network, the challenge of applying it to series compensated lines has been taken up by utilities and relay manufacturers in various ways. In the field of power system protection, developments are largely driven by relay manufacturers, and are often not published in the academic literature; the status and trend of the relay manufacturer’s development are better found in their product manuals and patent activity. Further insight into specific implementations by transmission utilities can be found from publications in industry-led forums and some academic journals. This article surveys the status and development of distance protection for series compensated lines, with a focus on industrial implementation and practical considerations. Factors that influence the protection of series compensated lines are presented. Implementation examples reported by utilities are summarized as examples of the different situations encountered and the methods used to deal with them. It is observed that many utilities use communication-aided protection in series compensated lines, and distance protection is used with reduced reach. Solutions described in relay manuals are presented to demonstrate the manufacturers’ approaches to problems associated with series capacitor protection. While there are methods to counter voltage inversion, current inversion seems to represent a more serious challenge. A patent overview indicates the trends in this domain to be moving towards time-domain-based faster protection methods.

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Section: Implementation Examplesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Implementation Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distance Protection of Series Capacitor Compensated Lines: Practical Considerations, Industrial Status and Development

Hoq

Taylor

2021

Electricity

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“…Zone 1 reach of distance relays reduces with increasing compensation level [6], [11], [12]. A reduced zone 1 implies more dependence on communication for fault clearance for distance relays.…”

Section: B Protection Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Assessment of Protection Schemes for Series Compensated Transmission Lines

Hoq

Habib

Shayesteh

et al. 2019

2019 4th International Conference on System Reliability and Safety (ICSRS)

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Series capacitors are used in transmission lines for enhancing power transmission limit. However, they complicate the line's protection due to impedance change of the line, voltage inversion, current inversion and sub-synchronous oscillation. Distance and differential protections are used in different arrangements in transmission line protection. Often they are used together as main and backup protection. In this paper, the fault tree method is used to compare the reliability of three common transmission line protection schemes. The schemes considered here are distance (main)-distance (backup)(Z, Z), differential (main)-distance (backup) (∆, Z) and differential (main)-differential (backup) (∆, ∆). Fault trees are used to calculate the reliability of protection schemes in terms of both unavailability and failure rate. The analyses show that, for series compensated lines, using distance protection reduces protection system reliability. Differential protection performs best in terms of reliability despite depending entirely on communication.

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“…In particular to series compensated lines the problems faced by the distance relay and some of the solution to these problems are researched and published. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], Reach settings for the zones of protection with respect to some of the typical problems and adaptive approach have been discussed in [8]- [14]and [17]- [19]. Relay design progressing is concerned with the improvement of conventional relay algorithms based on phasor concepts The complexities discussed in the protection performance of the series compensated lines call for the early fault detection and highspeed distance relays with good accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive distance relaying scheme in series compensated transmission lines

Srivani

Vittal

2010

2010 Joint International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems &Amp; 2010 Power India

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The introduction of the capacitance in series with the line reactance adds certain complexities to the effective application of impedance based distance relays. The paper reviews series compensated line protection challenges and proposes the state of art relay with an integrated scheme in harmony with the present power system scenarios Development of the proposed scheme is in the specific area of incorporating the adaptive features like adaptive Relay setting as the compensation level changes in the series compensated lines of the transmission system for optimum reliability. Upon extensive testing on different data set of fault cases with fault resistance and varying percentage compensation level , performance of the developed method ensures that the proposed scheme overcomes the overreach / underreach problem of the distance relay in series compensated lines and is found to be quite promising.

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Protection System Considerations for 400 kV Series Compensated Transmission Lines of the Central Western Network in Venezuela

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Distance Protection of Series Capacitor Compensated Lines: Practical Considerations, Industrial Status and Development

Distance Protection of Series Capacitor Compensated Lines: Practical Considerations, Industrial Status and Development

Reliability Assessment of Protection Schemes for Series Compensated Transmission Lines

Adaptive distance relaying scheme in series compensated transmission lines

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