Protective Action of Vi Bacteriophage in Eberthella Typhi Infections in Mice

Use of Lytic Bacteriophage for Control of Experimental Escherichia coli Septicemia and Meningitis in Chickens and Calves

“…A few studies showed some beneficial effects. Ward (37) showed some protection against Salmonella typhi infection in mice, as did Asheshov et al (1); however, in the latter case, phage was given simultaneously with the pathogen and in a large dose. Simultaneous administration of bacterium and phage has also continued experimentally to the present day (5,13,32).…”

Salmonella Phages and Prophages: Genomics, Taxonomy, and Applied Aspects

“…In this context, when Fisk [ 220 ] injected antityphoid phages possessing strong in vitro activity against the challenge Salmonella strain into mice before challenge with typhoid bacilli, phage administration strongly protected the mice. Also, in another study [ 221 ], when phages that specifi cally recognized the Vi antigen (a major virulence factor of S. Typhi) were injected into mice challenged with S. Typhi, the mortality rate was reduced from 93 % in the phageuntreated control group to 6 % in the phage-treated group (452 mice were included in that part of the study). Interestingly, the study further emphasized the importance of using phages with good lytic activity against the challenge bacterium.…”

“…An example of such studies [ 224 ] examined the effi cacy of intravenously administered Salmonella phages (in an isotonic glucose solution) in treating 56 typhoid patients at Los Angeles County General Hospital (patients were infected with S. Typhi, previously known as S. typhosa and Eberthella typhosa ). The authors used the same phages previously reported [ 221 ] to be effective in treating mice experimentally infected with S. Typhi, and efforts were made to select phages possessing strong in vitro lytic activity against the strain of S . Typhi isolated from each patient.…”

“Exact permutation tests for correlated binomial variables” by J. Yu, J. L. Kepner and R. Iyer Biometrical Journal (2009) 51, 899–914 Article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200900082. Authors' reply: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.201000094.

“…A few studies showed some beneficial effects. Ward8 showed some protection against Salmonella typhi infection in mice as did Asheshov et al 9 but in the latter case by using phage being given simultaneously with the pathogen and in a large dose. Simultaneous administration of bacterium and phage has also continued experimentally to the present day 10–12.…”