Protective Activity of Camel’s Milk and Urine Mixture (<i>Camelus dromedaries</i>) against Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Abstract

This study was implemented at the University of Khartoum to investigate the protective effect of camel milk mixed with camel urine against alcohol-induced liver damage in Wistar albino rats. The reasons for combining camel milk and urine together are because that in Sudan this combination is used extensively in traditional medicine and they claimed that this combination cures a lot of diseases including liver disease and jaundice; 25 Wister Albino rats of both sexes were brought and divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (control group) received normal saline, group 2 received ethanol 10% at dose of (0.5 g/100g body weight) and group 3 rats received Silymarin (5 mg/100g body weight) plus ethanol 10% (0.5 g/100g). Group 4 received a mixture of camel milk and urine (1:1) at the rate of 2 ml/100g and group 5 rats were administered with the mixture of camel's milk and urine as in group 4 plus ethanol 10% (0.5 g/100g). All treatments given by an oral intubation, experiment lasts for 28 days, rats were euthanized, serum samples and liver sections obtained. Oral administration of 10% ethanol (0.5 g/100g) induced liver damage which was clear in group 2 in a form of generalized necrosis, fatty change and congestion, beside high elevation of serum enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP). Giving camel's milk and urine mixture to group 5 with ethanol 10% (0.5 g/100g), resulted in significant reduction of levels of serum enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) and in stabilization of serum metabolites (total protein, albumin and bilirubin). The degree of reduction was lower when significantly compared to (Silymarin + ethanol) group, and all results were verified by the histopathological changes. Hepatoprotective effects of camel's milk and urine mixture were recorded and this could be attributed to antioxidant activity or to its chelate effects on toxicants. Drinking raw camel milk and urine mixture,

Anticancer, antiplatelet, gastroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of camel urine: A scoping review

“…A significant increment in aspartate transferase (AST/SGPT) and alanine transaminase (ALT/SGOT) levels were observed following CU treatment, plus the reduction of albumin level. Low AST and ALT levels suggested improving liver function and protection against CCl 4 ( Elhag et al, 2017 ). Hepatic tissue sections treated with CU also showed the absence of lytic necrosis or portal inflammation and less marked fibrous tissue expansion with some steatosis evidence with focal confluent necrosis.…”